气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity; Adaptation; and Role in Degradation

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DOI	10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010633
	Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity; Adaptation; and Role in Degradation
	Oberbeckmann S.; Labrenz M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1941-1405
起始页码	209
结束页码	232
卷号	12
英文摘要	We have known for more than 45 years that microplastics in the ocean are carriers of microbially dominated assemblages. However, only recently has the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems been investigated in detail. Research in this field has focused on three main areas: (a) the establishment of plastic-specific biofilms (the so-called plastisphere); (b) enrichment of pathogenic bacteria, particularly members of the genus Vibrio, coupled to a vector function of microplastics; and (c) the microbial degradation of microplastics in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the relationships between marine microorganisms and microplastics remain unclear. In this review, we deduce from the current literature, new comparative analyses, and considerations of microbial adaptation concerning plastic degradation that interactions between microorganisms and microplastic particles should have rather limited effects on the ocean ecosystems. The majority of microorganisms growing on microplastics seem to belong to opportunistic colonists that do not distinguish between natural and artificial surfaces. Thus, microplastics do not pose a higher risk than natural particles to higher life forms by potentially harboring pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, microplastics in the ocean represent recalcitrant substances for microorganisms that are insufficient to support prokaryotic metabolism and will probably not be microbially degraded in any period of time relevant to human society. Because we cannot remove microplastics from the ocean, proactive action regarding research on plastic alternatives and strategies to prevent plastic entering the environment should be taken promptly. © 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	biodegradation; biofilms; evolution; microplastics; ocean; plastisphere
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodegradation; Biofilms; Ecosystems; Microplastic; Oceanography; evolution; Marine microorganism; Microbial degradation; Microbial interactions; Microplastic particles; Microplastics; ocean; plastisphere; Bacteria; bacterium; biodegradation; biofilm; degradation; evolution; marine ecosystem; marine environment; metabolism; microbial activity; plastic; species diversity; Bacteria (microorganisms); Prokaryota; Vibrio; adaptation; bacterium; biodiversity; biofilm; classification; metabolism; microflora; physiology; sea; water pollutant; Adaptation, Physiological; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Biofilms; Microbiota; Microplastics; Oceans and Seas; Water Pollutants
来源期刊	Annual Review of Marine Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/161967
作者单位	Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, D-18119, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Oberbeckmann S.,Labrenz M.. Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity; Adaptation; and Role in Degradation[J],2020,12.
APA	Oberbeckmann S.,&Labrenz M..(2020).Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity; Adaptation; and Role in Degradation.Annual Review of Marine Science,12.
MLA	Oberbeckmann S.,et al."Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity; Adaptation; and Role in Degradation".Annual Review of Marine Science 12(2020).