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| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2016385118 |
| Enforcement may crowd out voluntary support for COVID-19 policies; especially where trust in government is weak and in a liberal society | |
| Schmelz K. | |
| 发表日期 | 2020 |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 |
| 卷号 | 118期号:1 |
| 英文摘要 | Effective states govern by some combination of enforcement and voluntary compliance. To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, a critical decision is the extent to which policy makers rely on voluntary as opposed to enforced compliance, and nations vary along this dimension. While enforcement may secure higher compliance, there is experimental and other evidence that it may also crowd out voluntary motivation. How does enforcement affect citizens' support for anti-COVID-19 policies? A survey conducted with 4,799 respondents toward the end of the first lockdown in Germany suggests that a substantial share of the population will support measures more under voluntary than under enforced implementation. Negative responses to enforcement-termed control aversion-vary across the nature of the policy intervention (e.g., they are rare for masks and frequent for vaccination and a cell-phone tracing app). Control aversion is less common among those with greater trust in the government and the information it provides, and among those who were brought up under the coercive regime of East Germany. Taking account of the likely effectiveness of enforcement and the extent to which near-universal compliance is crucial, the differing degrees of opposition to enforcement across policies suggest that for some anti-COVID-19 policies an enforced mandate would be unwise, while for others it would be essential. Similar reasoning may also be relevant for policies to address future pandemics and other societal challenges like climate change. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. |
| 英文关键词 | Cooperation; Crowding out intrinsic motivation; Institutions; Social norms; State capacities |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 来源期刊 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
 |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/161104 |
| 作者单位 | Schmelz, K., Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany, Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, CH-8280, Switzerland |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schmelz K.. Enforcement may crowd out voluntary support for COVID-19 policies; especially where trust in government is weak and in a liberal society[J],2020,118(1). |
| APA | Schmelz K..(2020).Enforcement may crowd out voluntary support for COVID-19 policies; especially where trust in government is weak and in a liberal society.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(1). |
| MLA | Schmelz K.."Enforcement may crowd out voluntary support for COVID-19 policies; especially where trust in government is weak and in a liberal society".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.1(2020). |
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