气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.1906720117
	Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science
	Ellemers N.; Fiske S.T.; Abele A.E.; Koch A.; Yzerbyt V.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	7561
结束页码	7567
卷号	117 期号:14
英文摘要	Crises in science concern not only methods, statistics, and results but also, theory development. Beyond the indispensable refinement of tools and procedures, resolving crises would also benefit from a deeper understanding of the concepts and processes guiding research. Usually, theories compete, and some lose, incentivizing destruction of seemingly opposing views. This does not necessarily contribute to accumulating insights, and it may incur collateral damage (e.g., impairing cognitive processes and collegial relations). To develop a more constructive model, we built on adversarial collaboration, which integrates incompatible results into agreed-on new empirical research to test competing hypotheses [D. Kahneman, Am. Psychol. 58, 723-730 (2003)]. Applying theory and evidence from the behavioral sciences, we address the group dynamic complexities of adversarial interactions between scientists. We illustrate the added value of considering these in an “adversarial alignment” that addressed competing conceptual frameworks from five different theories of social evaluation. Negotiating a joint framework required two preconditions and several guidelines. First, we reframed our interactions from competitive rivalry to cooperative pursuit of a joint goal, and second, we assumed scientific competence and good intentions, enabling cooperation toward that goal. Then, we applied five rules for successful multiparty negotiations: 1) leveling the playing field, 2) capitalizing on curiosity, 3) producing measurable progress, 4) working toward mutual gain, and 5) being aware of the downside alternative. Together, these guidelines can encourage others to create conditions that allow for theoretical alignments and develop cumulative science. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Behavioral science; Cooperation; Negotiation; Scientific competition; Theory building
语种	英语
scopus关键词	behavioral science; cognition; competition; conceptual framework; empirical research; group dynamics; human; human experiment; interpersonal communication; practice guideline; review; theoretical study; article
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160998
作者单位	Ellemers, N., Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC, Netherlands; Fiske, S.T., Psychology and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Abele, A.E., Social Psychology, University of Erlangen-Nümberg, Bayreuth, D91054, Germany; Koch, A., Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Yzerbyt, V., Institute for Psychological Sciences, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ellemers N.,Fiske S.T.,Abele A.E.,et al. Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science[J],2020,117(14).
APA	Ellemers N.,Fiske S.T.,Abele A.E.,Koch A.,&Yzerbyt V..(2020).Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(14).
MLA	Ellemers N.,et al."Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.14(2020).