气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1922686117
	Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction
	Ceballos G.; Ehrlich P.R.; Raven P.H.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	13596
结束页码	13602
卷号	117 期号:24
英文摘要	The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species extinctions have severe implications for society through the degradation of ecosystem services. Here we assess the extinction crisis from a different perspective. We examine 29,400 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and determine which are on the brink of extinction because they have fewer than 1,000 individuals. There are 515 species on the brink (1.7% of the evaluated vertebrates). Around 94% of the populations of 77mammal and bird species on the brink have been lost in the last century. Assuming all species on the brink have similar trends, more than 237,000 populations of those species have vanished since 1900. We conclude the human-caused sixth mass extinction is likely accelerating for several reasons. First, many of the species that have been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon. Second, the distribution of those species highly coincides with hundreds of other endangered species, surviving in regions with high human impacts, suggesting ongoing regional biodiversity collapses. Third, close ecological interactions of species on the brink tend to move other species toward annihilation when they disappear-extinction breeds extinctions. Finally, human pressures on the biosphere are growing rapidly, and a recent example is the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, linked to wildlife trade. Our results reemphasize the extreme urgency of taking much-expanded worldwide actions to save wild species and humanity's crucial life-support systems from this existential threat. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Conservation; Ecosystem services; Endangered species; Population extinctions; Sixth mass extinction
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Amphibia; Article; biodiversity; bird; controlled study; destruction; endangered species; human; human impact (environment); mammal; mass extinction; nonhuman; population size; priority journal; reptile; sixth mass extinction; species distribution; terrestrial species; vertebrate
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160914
作者单位	Ceballos, G., Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Ehrlich, P.R., Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, United States; Raven, P.H., Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ceballos G.,Ehrlich P.R.,Raven P.H.. Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction[J],2020,117(24).
APA	Ceballos G.,Ehrlich P.R.,&Raven P.H..(2020).Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(24).
MLA	Ceballos G.,et al."Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.24(2020).