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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2004334117
	Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon
	West T.A.P.; Börner J.; Sills E.O.; Kontoleon A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	24188
结束页码	24194
卷号	117 期号:39
英文摘要	Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has gained international attention over the past decade, as manifested in both United Nations policy discussions and hundreds of voluntary projects launched to earn carbon-offset credits. There are ongoing discussions about whether and how projects should be integrated into national climate change mitigation efforts under the Paris Agreement. One consideration is whether these projects have generated additional impacts over and above national policies and other measures. To help inform these discussions, we compare the crediting baselines established ex-ante by voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon to counterfactuals constructed ex-post based on the quasi-experimental synthetic control method. We find that the crediting baselines assume consistently higher deforestation than counterfactual forest loss in synthetic control sites. This gap is partially due to decreased deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon during the early implementation phase of the REDD+ projects considered here. This suggests that forest carbon finance must strike a balance between controlling conservation investment risk and ensuring the environmental integrity of carbon emission offsets. Relatedly, our results point to the need to better align project- and national-level carbon accounting. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Carbon credit; Deforestation; Impact evaluation; Payment for environmental services; Synthetic control
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Amazonas (Brazil); Article; carbon footprint; climate change; controlled study; deforestation; environmental impact; environmental sustainability; forest degradation; forestry; priority journal; Brazil; environmental protection; forest; greenhouse gas; carbon; Brazil; Carbon; Climate Change; Conservation of Natural Resources; Forests; Greenhouse Gases
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160785
作者单位	West, T.A.P., Land Use Economics and Climate Division, Scion-New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand, Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, United Kingdom, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany; Börner, J., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany, Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany; Sills, E.O., Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Kontoleon, A., Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, United Kingdom, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	West T.A.P.,Börner J.,Sills E.O.,et al. Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon[J],2020,117(39).
APA	West T.A.P.,Börner J.,Sills E.O.,&Kontoleon A..(2020).Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(39).
MLA	West T.A.P.,et al."Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.39(2020).