气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2001283117
	Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits
	Freedman M.G.; Dingle H.; Strauss S.Y.; Ramírez S.R.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	28887
结束页码	28893
卷号	117 期号:46
英文摘要	Migratory animals exhibit traits that allow them to exploit seasonally variable habitats. In environments where migration is no longer beneficial, such as oceanic islands, migration-association traits may be selected against or be under relaxed selection. Monarch butterflies are best known for their continent-scale migration in North America but have repeatedly become established as nonmigrants in the tropical Americas and on Atlantic and Pacific Islands. These replicated nonmigratory populations provide natural laboratories for understanding the rate of evolution of migration-associated traits. We measured >6,000 museum specimens of monarch butterflies collected from 1856 to the present as well as contemporary wild-caught monarchs from around the world. We determined 1) how wing morphology varies across the monarch’s global range, 2) whether initial long-distance founders were particularly suited for migration, and 3) whether recently established nonmigrants show evidence for contemporary phenotypic evolution. We further reared >1,000 monarchs from six populations around the world under controlled conditions and measured migration-associated traits. Historical specimens show that 1) initial founders are well suited for long-distance movement and 2) loss of seasonal migration is associated with reductions in forewing size and elongation. Monarch butterflies raised in a common garden from four derived nonmigratory populations exhibit genetically based reductions in forewing size, consistent with a previous study. Our findings provide a compelling example of how migration-associated traits may be favored during the early stages of range expansion, and also the rate of reductions in those same traits upon loss of migration. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Relaxed selection \| migration \| monarch butterfly \| morphology \| range expansion
语种	英语
scopus关键词	article; butterfly; human tissue; information center; nonhuman; wing
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160726
作者单位	Freedman, M.G., Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Dingle, H., Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Strauss, S.Y., Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Ramírez, S.R., Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Freedman M.G.,Dingle H.,Strauss S.Y.,et al. Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits[J],2020,117(46).
APA	Freedman M.G.,Dingle H.,Strauss S.Y.,&Ramírez S.R..(2020).Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(46).
MLA	Freedman M.G.,et al."Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.46(2020).