气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1803543115
	Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route
	Hauser D.D.W.; Laidre K.L.; Stern H.L.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	7617
结束页码	7622
卷号	115 期号:29
英文摘要	The fabled Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route that were once the quests of early Western explorers are now increasingly sea ice-free, with routine vessel transits expected by midcentury. The potential impacts of this novel vessel traffic on endemic Arctic marine mammal (AMM) species are unknown despite their critical social and ecological roles in the ecosystem and widely recognized susceptibility to ice loss. We developed a vulnerability assessment of 80 subpopulations of seven AMM species to vessel traffic during the ice-free season. Vulnerability scores were based on the combined influence of spatially explicit exposure to the sea routes and a suite of sensitivity variables. More than half of AMM subpopulations (42/80) are exposed to open-water vessel transits in the Arctic sea routes. Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) were estimated to be most vulnerable to vessel impacts, given their high exposure and sensitivity, and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were estimated to be the least vulnerable because of their low exposure and sensitivity. Regions with geographic bottlenecks, such as the Bering Strait and eastern Canadian Arctic, were characterized by two to three times higher vulnerability than more remote regions. These pinch points are obligatory pathways for both vessels and migratory AMMs, and so represent potentially high conflict areas but also opportunities for conservation-informed planning. Some of the species and regions identified as least vulnerable were also characterized by high uncertainty, highlighting additional data and monitoring needs. Our quantification of the heterogeneity of risk across AMM species provides a necessary first step toward developing best practices for maritime industries poised to advance into this rapidly changing seascape. © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Arctic marine mammal; Climate impacts; Resilience; Risk analysis; Vessel impacts
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Arctic; Article; beluga whale; bowhead whale; climate change; endemic species; environmental exposure; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; environmental planning; environmental protection; geographic distribution; marine environment; marine mammal; migratory species; narwhal; nonhuman; Northwest Territories; Pinnipedia; polar bear; population risk; priority journal; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; scoring system; sea ice; seasonal variation; species identification; traffic; vessel traffic; vulnerability assessment; vulnerable population; walrus; animal; Arctic; bear; Cetacea; climate change; physiology; population migration; ship; Animal Migration; Animals; Arctic Regions; Climate Change; Ships; Ursidae; Whales
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160489
作者单位	Hauser, D.D.W., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Laidre, K.L., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Stern, H.L., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hauser D.D.W.,Laidre K.L.,Stern H.L.. Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route[J],2018,115(29).
APA	Hauser D.D.W.,Laidre K.L.,&Stern H.L..(2018).Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,115(29).
MLA	Hauser D.D.W.,et al."Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115.29(2018).