气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1901093116
	Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift
	Rinker D.C.; Specian N.K.; Zhao S.; Gibbons J.G.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	13446
结束页码	13451
卷号	116 期号:27
英文摘要	Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) are recently diverged species that inhabit vastly differing habitats. Thus, analysis of the polar bear and brown bear genomes represents a unique opportunity to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of rapid ecological adaptation in mammals. Copy number (CN) differences in genomic regions between closely related species can underlie adaptive phenotypes and this form of genetic variation has not been explored in the context of polar bear evolution. Here, we analyzed the CN profiles of 17 polar bears, 9 brown bears, and 2 black bears (Ursus americanus). We identified an average of 318 genes per individual that showed evidence of CN variation (CNV). Nearly 200 genes displayed species-specific CN differences between polar bear and brown bear species. Principal component analysis of gene CN provides strong evidence that CNV evolved rapidly in the polar bear lineage and mainly resulted in CN loss. Olfactory receptors composed 47% of CN differentiated genes, with the majority of these genes being at lower CN in the polar bear. Additionally, we found significantly fewer copies of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism as well as AMY1B, the salivary amylase-encoding gene in the polar bear. These results suggest that natural selection shaped patterns of CNV in response to the transition from an omnivorous to primarily carnivorous diet during polar bear evolution. Our analyses of CNV shed light on the genomic underpinnings of ecological adaptation during polar bear evolution. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Adaptive evolution; Copy number variation; Population genomics
语种	英语
scopus关键词	AMY1B gene; Article; brown bear; controlled study; dietary intake; evolutionary adaptation; fatty acid metabolism; gene; gene dosage; gene loss; genetic variability; genetic variation; molecular evolution; nonhuman; olfactory receptor; phenotype; polar bear; principal component analysis; priority journal; Ursus americanus; whole genome sequencing
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160389
作者单位	Rinker, D.C., Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Specian, N.K., Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, United States; Zhao, S., Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Gibbons, J.G., Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Rinker D.C.,Specian N.K.,Zhao S.,et al. Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift[J],2019,116(27).
APA	Rinker D.C.,Specian N.K.,Zhao S.,&Gibbons J.G..(2019).Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,116(27).
MLA	Rinker D.C.,et al."Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116.27(2019).