气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1911761117
	Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear
	Matthews C.J.D.; Breed G.A.; LeBlanc B.; Ferguson S.H.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	6590
结束页码	6598
卷号	117 期号:12
英文摘要	The effects of predator intimidation on habitat use and behavior of prey species are rarely quantified for large marine vertebrates over ecologically relevant scales. Using state space movement models followed by a series of step selection functions, we analyzed movement data of concurrently tracked prey, bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus; n = 7), and predator, killer whales (Orcinus orca; n = 3), in a large (63,000 km2), partially ice-covered gulf in the Canadian Arctic. Our analysis revealed pronounced predator-mediated shifts in prey habitat use and behavior over much larger spatiotemporal scales than previously documented in any marine or terrestrial ecosystem. The striking shift from use of open water (predator-free) to dense sea ice and shorelines (predators present) was exhibited gulf-wide by all tracked bowheads during the entire 3-wk period killer whales were present, constituting a nonconsumptive effect (NCE) with unknown energetic or fitness costs. Sea ice is considered quintessential habitat for bowhead whales, and ice-covered areas have frequently been interpreted as preferred bowhead foraging habitat in analyses that have not assessed predator effects. Given the NCEs of apex predators demonstrated here, however, unbiased assessment of habitat use and distribution of bowhead whales and many marine species may not be possible without explicitly incorporating spatiotemporal distribution of predation risk. The apparent use of sea ice as a predator refuge also has implications for how bowhead whales, and likely other ice-associated Arctic marine mammals, will cope with changes in Arctic sea ice dynamics as historically ice-covered areas become increasingly ice-free during summer. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Nonconsumptive effects; Predator−prey dynamics; Risk effects; State space model; Trait-mediated interactions
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; animal experiment; Arctic; Article; bowhead whale; Canada; controlled study; escape behavior; fear; female; foraging behavior; geographic distribution; habitat use; killer whale; male; marine environment; nonhuman; predation; predator prey interaction; priority journal; sea ice; spatiotemporal analysis; telemetry; terrestrial species; animal; biological model; bowhead whale; ecosystem; ice cover; killer whale; marine biology; physiology; population dynamics; Animals; Arctic Regions; Bowhead Whale; Canada; Ecosystem; Ice Cover; Marine Biology; Models, Biological; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior; Whale, Killer
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160305
作者单位	Matthews, C.J.D., Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; Breed, G.A., Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; LeBlanc, B., Fisheries Management, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Quebec, QC G1K 7Y7, Canada; Ferguson, S.H., Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Matthews C.J.D.,Breed G.A.,LeBlanc B.,et al. Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear[J],2020,117(12).
APA	Matthews C.J.D.,Breed G.A.,LeBlanc B.,&Ferguson S.H..(2020).Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(12).
MLA	Matthews C.J.D.,et al."Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117.12(2020).