气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/hess-22-1221-2018
	Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds
	Saxe S.; Hogue T.S.; Hay L.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	1027-5606
起始页码	1221
结束页码	1237
卷号	22 期号:2
英文摘要	This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States, and evaluating the impact of climate and geophysical variables on response. Eighty-two watersheds were identified with at least 10 years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and 5 years of continuous post-fire daily flow records. Percent change in annual runoff ratio, low flows, high flows, peak flows, number of zero flow days, baseflow index, and Richards-Baker flashiness index were calculated for each watershed using pre- and post-fire periods. Independent variables were identified for each watershed and fire event, including topographic, vegetation, climate, burn severity, percent area burned, and soils data. Results show that low flows, high flows, and peak flows increase in the first 2 years following a wildfire and decrease over time. Relative response was used to scale response variables with the respective percent area of watershed burned in order to compare regional differences in watershed response. To account for variability in precipitation events, runoff ratio was used to compare runoff directly to PRISM precipitation estimates. To account for regional differences in climate patterns, watersheds were divided into nine regions, or clusters, through k-means clustering using climate data, and regression models were produced for watersheds grouped by total area burned. Watersheds in Cluster 9 (eastern California, western Nevada, Oregon) demonstrate a small negative response to observed flow regimes after fire. Cluster 8 watersheds (coastal California) display the greatest flow responses, typically within the first year following wildfire. Most other watersheds show a positive mean relative response. In addition, simple regression models show low correlation between percent watershed burned and streamflow response, implying that other watershed factors strongly influence response. Spearman correlation identified NDVI, aridity index, percent of a watershed's precipitation that falls as rain, and slope as being positively correlated with post-fire streamflow response. This metric also suggested a negative correlation between response and the soil erodibility factor, watershed area, and percent low burn severity. Regression models identified only moderate burn severity and watershed area as being consistently positively/negatively correlated, respectively, with response. The random forest model identified only slope and percent area burned as significant watershed parameters controlling response. Results will help inform post-fire runoff management decisions by helping to identify expected changes to flow regimes, as well as facilitate parameterization for model application in burned watersheds. © Author(s) 2018.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate models; Decision trees; Fire hazards; Fires; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; Regression analysis; Stream flow; Watersheds; Independent variables; Management decisions; Negative correlation; Precipitation events; Random forest modeling; Regional differences; Spearman correlation; Western United States; Runoff; baseflow; erodibility; flow pattern; hydrological response; hydrometeorology; parameterization; precipitation (climatology); runoff; streamflow; watershed; wildfire; California; Nevada; Oregon; United States
来源期刊	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/160118
作者单位	Saxe, S., Civil and Environmental Engineering and Hydrologic Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States, National Research Program, United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO, United States; Hogue, T.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering and Hydrologic Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States; Hay, L., National Research Program, United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Saxe S.,Hogue T.S.,Hay L.. Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds[J],2018,22(2).
APA	Saxe S.,Hogue T.S.,&Hay L..(2018).Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,22(2).
MLA	Saxe S.,et al."Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds".Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22.2(2018).