气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019
	Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements
	Mallast U.; Siebert C.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	1027-5606
起始页码	1375
结束页码	1392
卷号	23 期号:3
英文摘要	Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is highly variable in spatial and temporal terms due to the interplay of several terrestrial and marine processes. While discrete in situ measurements may provide a continuous temporal scale to investigate underlying processes and thus account for temporal heterogeneity, remotely sensed thermal infrared radiation sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity as it provides a continuous spatial scale. Here we report results of the combination of both the continuous spatial and temporal scales, using the ability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to hover above a predefined location, and the continuous recording of thermal radiation of a coastal area at the Dead Sea (Israel). With a flight altitude of 65 m above the water surface resulting in a spatial resolution of 13 cm and a thermal camera (FLIR Tau2) that measures the upwelling long-wave infrared radiation at 4 Hz resolution, we are able to generate a time series of thermal radiation images that allows us to analyse spatio-temporal SGD dynamics. In turn, focused SGD spots, otherwise camouflaged by strong lateral flow dynamics, are revealed that may not be observed on single thermal radiation images. The spatio-temporal behaviour of an SGD-induced thermal radiation pattern varies in size and over time by up to 155 % for focused SGDs and by up to 600 % for diffuse SGDs due to different underlying flow dynamics. These flow dynamics even display a short-term periodicity of the order of 20 to 78 s for diffuse SGD, which we attribute to an interplay between conduit maturity-geometry and wave set-up. © 2019 The Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Antennas; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Dynamics; Groundwater; Heat radiation; Infrared devices; Radiation; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); In-situ measurement; Long wave infrared; Spatial and temporal scale; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatial resolution; Submarine groundwater discharge; Temporal heterogeneities; Thermal infrared radiations; Infrared radiation; groundwater; in situ measurement; infrared radiation; longwave radiation; marine environment; spatial resolution; spatiotemporal analysis; terrestrial environment; unmanned vehicle; Dead Sea; Israel
来源期刊	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159732
作者单位	Mallast, U., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, T. Lieser Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany; Siebert, C., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, T. Lieser Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mallast U.,Siebert C.. Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements[J],2019,23(3).
APA	Mallast U.,&Siebert C..(2019).Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,23(3).
MLA	Mallast U.,et al."Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements".Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23.3(2019).