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DOI	10.5194/hess-23-4051-2019
	Upgraded global mapping information for earth system modelling: An application to surface water depth at the ECMWF
	Choulga M.; Kourzeneva E.; Balsamo G.; Boussetta S.; Wedi N.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	1027-5606
起始页码	4051
结束页码	4076
卷号	23 期号:10
英文摘要	Water bodies influence local weather and climate, especially in lake-rich areas. The FLake (Fresh-water Lake model) parameterisation is employed in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model which is used operationally to produce global weather predictions. Lake depth and lake fraction are the main driving parameters in the FLake parameterisation. The lake parameter fields for the IFS should be global and realistic, because FLake runs over all the grid boxes, and then only lake-related results are used further. In this study new datasets and methods for generating lake fraction and lake depth fields for the IFS are proposed. The data include the new version of the Global Lake Database (GLDBv3) which contains depth estimates for unstudied lakes based on a geological approach, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans and the Global Surface Water Explorer dataset which contains information on the spatial and temporal variability of surface water. The first new method suggested is a two-step lake fraction calculation; the first step is at 1 km grid resolution and the second is at the resolution of other grids in the IFS system. The second new method involves the use of a novel algorithm for ocean and inland water separation. This new algorithm may be used by anyone in the environmental modelling community. To assess the impact of using these innovations, in situ measurements of lake depth, lake water surface temperature and ice formation/disappearance dates for 27 lakes collected by the Finnish Environment Institute were used. A set of offline experiments driven by atmospheric forcing from the ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis were carried out using the IFS HTESSEL land surface model. In terms of lake depth, the new dataset shows a much lower mean absolute error, bias and error standard deviation compared to the reference set-up. In terms of lake water surface temperature, the mean absolute error is reduced by 13.4 %, the bias by 12.5 % and the error standard deviation by 20.3 %. Seasonal verification of the mixed layer depth temperature and ice formation/disappearance dates revealed a cold bias in the meteorological forcing from ERA5. Spring, summer and autumn verification scores confirm an overall reduction in the surface water temperature errors. For winter, no statistically significant change in the ice formation/disappearance date errors was detected. © 2019 Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Atmospheric temperature; Errors; Ice; Statistics; Surface properties; Weather forecasting; Atmospheric forcing; Environmental modelling; European centre for medium-range weather forecasts; Integrated forecasting systems; Land surface modeling; Meteorological forcing; Spatial and temporal variability; Surface water temperature; Lakes; atmospheric forcing; climate modeling; environmental modeling; in situ measurement; lake water; land surface; mapping method; mixed layer; seasonal variation; surface water; water depth; water temperature; weather forecasting
来源期刊	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159595
作者单位	Choulga, M., Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom; Kourzeneva, E., Research Department, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, 00560, Finland; Balsamo, G., Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom; Boussetta, S., Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom; Wedi, N., Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Choulga M.,Kourzeneva E.,Balsamo G.,et al. Upgraded global mapping information for earth system modelling: An application to surface water depth at the ECMWF[J],2019,23(10).
APA	Choulga M.,Kourzeneva E.,Balsamo G.,Boussetta S.,&Wedi N..(2019).Upgraded global mapping information for earth system modelling: An application to surface water depth at the ECMWF.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,23(10).
MLA	Choulga M.,et al."Upgraded global mapping information for earth system modelling: An application to surface water depth at the ECMWF".Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23.10(2019).