气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data

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DOI	10.5194/hess-24-2505-2020
	Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data
	Zhang M.; Shi W.; Xu Z.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1027-5606
起始页码	2505
结束页码	2526
卷号	24 期号:5
英文摘要	Soil texture and soil particle size fractions (PSFs) play an increasing role in physical, chemical, and hydrological processes. Many previous studies have used machine-learning and log-ratio transformation methods for soil texture classification and soil PSF interpolation to improve the prediction accuracy. However, few reports have systematically compared their performance with respect to both classification and interpolation. Here, five machine-learning models - K-nearest neighbour (KNN), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) - combined with the original data and three log-ratio transformation methods - additive log ratio (ALR), centred log ratio (CLR), and isometric log ratio (ILR) - were applied to evaluate soil texture and PSFs using both raw and log-ratio-transformed data from 640 soil samples in the Heihe River basin (HRB) in China. The results demonstrated that the log-ratio transformations decreased the skewness of soil PSF data. For soil texture classification, RF and XGB showed better performance with a higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. They were also recommended to evaluate the classification capacity of imbalanced data according to the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). For soil PSF interpolation, RF delivered the best performance among five machine-learning models with the lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE; sand had a RMSE of 15.09 %, silt was 13.86 %, and clay was 6.31 %), mean absolute error (MAE; sand had a MAD of 10.65 %, silt was 9.99 %, and clay was 5.00 %), Aitchison distance (AD; 0.84), and standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS; 0.61), and the highest Spearman rank correlation coefficient (RCC; sand was 0.69, silt was 0.67, and clay was 0.69). STRESS was improved by using log-ratio methods, especially for CLR and ILR. Prediction maps from both direct and indirect classification were similar in the middle and upper reaches of the HRB. However, indirect classification maps using log-ratio-transformed data provided more detailed information in the lower reaches of the HRB. There was a pronounced improvement of 21.3 % in the kappa coefficient when using indirect methods for soil texture classification compared with direct methods. RF was recommended as the best strategy among the five machine-learning models, based on the accuracy evaluation of the soil PSF interpolation and soil texture classification, and ILR was recommended for component-wise machine-learning models without multivariate treatment, considering the constrained nature of compositional data. In addition, XGB was preferred over other models when the trade-off between the accuracy and runtime was considered. Our findings provide a reference for future works with respect to the spatial prediction of soil PSFs and texture using machine-learning models with skewed distributions of soil PSF data over a large area. © 2019 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Adaptive boosting; Classification (of information); Decision trees; Economic and social effects; Forecasting; Interpolation; Mean square error; Metadata; Multilayer neural networks; Nearest neighbor search; Particle size; Silt; Support vector machines; Textures; K nearest neighbours (k-NN); Log-ratio transformations; Machine learning models; Multilayer perceptron neural networks; Residual sum of squares; Root mean square errors; Soil particle-size fractions; Spearman rank correlation; Learning systems; accuracy assessment; classification; computer simulation; data assimilation; machine learning; particle size; prediction; size structure; soil texture
来源期刊	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159406
作者单位	Zhang, M., Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Shi, W., Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Xu, Z., State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang M.,Shi W.,Xu Z.. Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data[J],2020,24(5).
APA	Zhang M.,Shi W.,&Xu Z..(2020).Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,24(5).
MLA	Zhang M.,et al."Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data".Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24.5(2020).