气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India

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DOI	10.5194/hess-24-4691-2020
	Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India
	Kumar Singh P.; Dey P.; Kumar Jain S.; Mujumdar P.P.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1027-5606
起始页码	4691
结束页码	4707
卷号	24 期号:10
英文摘要	Hydrologic knowledge in India has a historical footprint extending over several millenniums through the Harappan civilization (3000-1500 BCE) and the Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE). As in other ancient civilizations across the world, the need to manage water propelled the growth of hydrologic science in ancient India. Most of the ancient hydrologic knowledge, however, has remained hidden and unfamiliar to the world at large until the recent times. In this paper, we provide some fascinating glimpses into the hydrological, hydraulic, and related engineering knowledge that existed in ancient India, as discussed in contemporary literature and revealed by the recent explorations and findings. The Vedas, particularly, the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, have many references to the water cycle and associated processes, including water quality, hydraulic machines, hydro-structures, and nature-based solutions (NBS) for water management. The Harappan civilization epitomizes the level of development of water sciences in ancient India that includes construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures, wastewater disposal systems based on centralized and decentralized concepts, and methods for wastewater treatment. The Mauryan Empire ( 322-185 BCE) is credited as the first "hydraulic civilization" and is characterized by the construction of dams with spillways, reservoirs, and channels equipped with spillways (Pynes and Ahars); they also had an understanding of water balance, development of water pricing systems, measurement of rainfall, and knowledge of the various hydrological processes. As we investigate deeper into the references to hydrologic works in ancient Indian literature including the mythology, many fascinating dimensions of the Indian scientific contributions emerge. This review presents the various facets of water management, exploring disciplines such as history, archeology, hydrology and hydraulic engineering, and culture and covering the geographical area of the entire Indian subcontinent to the east of the Indus River. The review covers the period from the Mature Harappan Phase to the Vedic Period and the Mauryan Empire. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Fluid mechanics; History; Hydrology; Shore protection; Spillways; Wastewater disposal; Wastewater treatment; Water management; Water quality; Engineering knowledge; Hydraulic engineering; Hydrologic science; Hydrological process; Hydrology and water resource; Indian subcontinents; Scientific contributions; Water pricing systems; Reservoirs (water); resource management; wastewater; wastewater treatment; water management; water quality; water resource; Indus River
来源期刊	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159291
作者单位	Kumar Singh, P., Water Resources Systems Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India; Dey, P., Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Kumar Jain, S., Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Mujumdar, P.P., Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India, Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kumar Singh P.,Dey P.,Kumar Jain S.,et al. Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India[J],2020,24(10).
APA	Kumar Singh P.,Dey P.,Kumar Jain S.,&Mujumdar P.P..(2020).Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,24(10).
MLA	Kumar Singh P.,et al."Hydrology and water resources management in ancient India".Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24.10(2020).