气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Geographic; seasonal; and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.0809816105
	Geographic; seasonal; and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow
	Christner B.C.; Cai R.; Morris C.E.; McCarter K.S.; Foreman C.M.; Skidmore M.L.; Montross S.N.; Sands D.C.
发表日期	2008
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	18854
结束页码	18859
卷号	105 期号:48
英文摘要	Biological ice nucleators (IN) function as catalysts for freezing at relatively warm temperatures (warmer than -10°C). We examined the concentration (per volume of liquid) and nature of IN in precipitation collected from Montana and Louisiana, the Alps and Pyrenees (France), Ross Island (Antarctica), and Yukon (Canada). The temperature of detectable ice-nucleating activity for more than half of the samples was ≥ -5°C based on immersion freezing testing. Digestion of the samples with lysozyme (i.e., to hydrolyze bacterial cell walls) led to reductions in the frequency of freezing (0-100%); heat treatment greatly reduced (95% average) or completely eliminated ice nucleation at the measured conditions in every sample. These behaviors were consistent with the activity being bacterial and/or proteinaceous in origin. Statistical analysis revealed seasonal similarities between warm-temperature ice-nucleating activities in snow samples collected over 7 months in Montana. Multiple regression was used to construct models with biogeochemical data [major ions, total organic carbon (TOC), particle, and cell concentration] that were accurate in predicting the concentration of microbial cells and biological IN in precipitation based on the concentration of TOC, Ca2+, and NH 4+, or TOC, cells, Ca2+, NH4 +, K+, PO43-, SO4 2-, Cl-, and HCO3-. Our results indicate that biological IN are ubiquitous in precipitation and that for some geographic locations the activity and concentration of these particles is related to the season and precipitation chemistry. Thus, our research suggests that biological IN are widespread in the atmosphere and may affect meteorological processes that lead to precipitation. © 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
英文关键词	Atmosphere; Biological ice nuclei; Climate; Microbial dissemination
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ammonia; calcium; chloride; ice; ion; lysozyme; phosphate; potassium; rain; snow; sulfate; Antarctica; article; bacterial cell wall; Canada; catalyst; chemistry; concentration (parameters); digestion; France; freezing; geography; heat treatment; hydrolysis; immersion; natural science; precipitation; prediction; priority journal; season; temperature; total organic carbon; United States; warming; Antarctic Regions; Cluster Analysis; Cold Climate; Crystallization; France; Geography; Ice; Louisiana; Montana; Precipitation; Rain; Seasons; Snow; Temperature; Water; Yukon Territory; Bacteria (microorganisms)
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159166
作者单位	Christner, B.C., Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Cai, R., Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States, Department of Plant Pathology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Morris, C.E., Unité de Pathologie Végétale UR407, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-84140 Montfavet, France; McCarter, K.S., Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Foreman, C.M., Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States; Skidmore, M.L., Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States; Montross, S.N., Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Christner B.C.,Cai R.,Morris C.E.,et al. Geographic; seasonal; and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow[J],2008,105(48).
APA	Christner B.C..,Cai R..,Morris C.E..,McCarter K.S..,Foreman C.M..,...&Sands D.C..(2008).Geographic; seasonal; and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,105(48).
MLA	Christner B.C.,et al."Geographic; seasonal; and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105.48(2008).