气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1015053108
	Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment
	Gislason S.R.; Hassenkam T.; Nedel S.; Bovet N.; Eiriksdottir E.S.; Alfredsson H.A.; Hem C.P.; Balogh Z.I.; Dideriksen K.; Oskarsson N.; Sigfusson B.; Larsen G.; Stipp S.L.S.
发表日期	2011
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	7307
结束页码	7312
卷号	108 期号:18
英文摘要	On April 14, 2010, when meltwaters from the Eyjafjallajökull glacier mixed with hot magma, an explosive eruption sent unusually fine-grained ash into the jet stream. It quickly dispersed over Europe. Previous airplane encounters with ash resulted in sand-blasted windows and particles melted inside jet engines, causing them to fail. Therefore, air traffic was grounded for several days. Concerns also arose about health risks from fallout, because ash can transport acids as well as toxic compounds, such as fluoride, aluminum, and arsenic. Studies on ash are usually made on material collected far from the source, where it could have mixed with other atmospheric particles, or after exposure to water as rain or fog, which would alter surface composition. For this study, a unique set of dry ash samples was collected immediately after the explosive event and compared with fresh ash from a later, more typical eruption. Using nanotechniques, custom-designed for studying natural materials, we explored the physical and chemical nature of the ash to determine if fears about health and safety were justified and we developed a protocol that will serve for assessing risks during a future event. On single particles, we identified the composition of nanometer scale salt coatings and measured the mass of adsorbed salts with picogram resolution. The particles of explosive ash that reached Europe in the jet stream were especially sharp and abrasive over their entire size range, from submillimeter to tens of nanometers. Edges remained sharp even after a couple of weeks of abrasion in stirred water suspensions.
英文关键词	Atomic force microscopy; European airspace; Grain size distribution; Iceland volcano; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
语种	英语
scopus关键词	nanoparticle; sodium chloride; water; inorganic salt; article; atmospheric pressure; nanoanalysis; nanotechnology; particle size; priority journal; risk assessment; scanning electron microscopy; volcanic ash; atomic force microscopy; Iceland; methodology; particle size; risk assessment; volcano; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Iceland; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Nanotechnology; Particle Size; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Risk Assessment; Salts; Volcanic Eruptions
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159147
作者单位	Gislason, S.R., Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Hassenkam, T., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Nedel, S., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bovet, N., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Eiriksdottir, E.S., Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Alfredsson, H.A., Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Hem, C.P., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Balogh, Z.I., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Dideriksen, K., Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Oskarsson, N., Institute of Ea...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gislason S.R.,Hassenkam T.,Nedel S.,et al. Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment[J],2011,108(18).
APA	Gislason S.R..,Hassenkam T..,Nedel S..,Bovet N..,Eiriksdottir E.S..,...&Stipp S.L.S..(2011).Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(18).
MLA	Gislason S.R.,et al."Characterization of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.18(2011).