气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1603795113
	Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi
	Weir J.T.; Haddrath O.; Robertson H.A.; Colbourne R.M.; Baker A.J.
发表日期	2016
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	E5580
结束页码	E5587
卷号	113 期号:38
英文摘要	Molecular dating largely overturned the paradigm that global cooling during recent Pleistocene glacial cycles resulted in a burst of species diversification although some evidence exists that speciation was commonly promoted in habitats near the expanding and retracting ice sheets. Here, we used a genome-wide dataset of more than half a million base pairs of DNA to test for a glacially induced burst of diversification in kiwi, an avian family distributed within several hundred kilometers of the expanding and retracting glaciers of the Southern Alps of New Zealand. By sampling across the geographic range of the five kiwi species, we discovered many cryptic lineages, bringing the total number of kiwi taxa that currently exist to 11 and the number that existed just before human arrival to 16 or 17. We found that 80% of kiwi diversification events date to the major glacial advances of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. During this period, New Zealand was repeatedly fragmented by glaciers into a series of refugia, with the tiny geographic ranges of many kiwi lineages currently distributed in areas adjacent to these refugia. Estimates of effective population size through time show a dramatic bottleneck during the last glacial cycle in all but one kiwi lineage, as expected if kiwi were isolated in glacially induced refugia. Our results support a fivefold increase in diversification rates during key glacial periods, comparable with levels observed in classic adaptive radiations, and confirm that at least some lineages distributed near glaciated regions underwent rapid ice age diversification. © 2016, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Apteryx; Diversification; Glaciation; Kiwi; New Zealand
语种	英语
scopus关键词	DNA; mitochondrial DNA; Apteryx; Article; bird; effective population size; glacial period; glaciation; glacier; ice age; Middle Pleistocene; New Zealand; nonhuman; priority journal; refugium; sampling; Upper Pleistocene; animal; DNA sequence; ecosystem; genetics; human; ice cover; molecular evolution; phylogeny; ratite; species differentiation; Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial; Ecosystem; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Speciation; Humans; Ice Cover; New Zealand; Palaeognathae; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/159073
作者单位	Weir, J.T., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; Haddrath, O., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada; Robertson, H.A., Science and Policy Group, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Colbourne, R.M., Science and Policy Group, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Baker, A.J., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Weir J.T.,Haddrath O.,Robertson H.A.,et al. Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi[J],2016,113(38).
APA	Weir J.T.,Haddrath O.,Robertson H.A.,Colbourne R.M.,&Baker A.J..(2016).Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113(38).
MLA	Weir J.T.,et al."Explosive ice age diversification of kiwi".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113.38(2016).