气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1416072111
	American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change
	Zazula G.D.; MacPhee R.D.E.; Metcalfe J.Z.; Reyes A.V.; Brock F.; Druckenmiller P.S.; Groves P.; Harington C.R.; Hodgins G.W.L.; Kunz M.L.; J Longstaffe F.; Mann D.H.; McDonald H.G.; Nalawade-Chavan S.; Southon J.R.
发表日期	2014
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	18460
结束页码	18465
卷号	111 期号:52
英文摘要	Existing radiocarbon (14C) dates on American mastodon (Mammut americanum) fossils from eastern Beringia (Alaska and Yukon) have been interpreted as evidence they inhabited the Arctic and Subarctic during Pleistocene full-glacial times (∼18,000 14C years B.P.). However, this chronology is inconsistent with inferred habitat preferences of mastodons and correlative paleoecological evidence. To establish a last appearance date (LAD) for M. americanum regionally, we obtained 53 new 14C dates on 36 fossils, including specimens with previously published dates. Using collagen ultrafiltration and single amino acid (hydroxyproline) methods, these specimens consistently date to beyond or near the ∼50,000 y B.P. limit of 14C dating. Some erroneously "young" 14C dates are due to contamination by exogenous carbon from natural sources and conservation treatments used in museums. We suggest mastodons inhabited the high latitudes only during warm intervals, particularly the Last Interglacial [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] when boreal forests existed regionally. Our 14C dataset suggests that mastodons were extirpated from eastern Beringia during the MIS 4 glacial interval (∼75,000 y ago), following the ecological shift from boreal forest to steppe tundra. Mastodons thereafter became restricted to areas south of the continental ice sheets, where they suffered complete extinction ∼10,000 14C years B.P. Mastodons were already absent from eastern Beringia several tens of millennia before the first humans crossed the Bering Isthmus or the onset of climate changes during the terminal Pleistocene. Local extirpations of mastodons and other megafaunal populations in eastern Beringia were asynchrononous and independent of their final extinction south of the continental ice sheets. © 2014, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Beringia; Extinctions; Megafauna; Pleistocene; Radiocarbon
语种	英语
scopus关键词	amino acid; carbon 14; animal experiment; Arctic; Article; chronology; climate change; conservation biology; continental ice; environmental change; environmental recolonization; ice sheet; information center; interglacial; latitude; mastodon; nonhuman; Pleistocene; population dynamics; priority journal; radiometric dating; steppe; taiga; ultrafiltration; animal; forest; fossil; human; mastodon; physiology; United States; Mammut americanum; Alaska; Animals; Arctic Regions; Climate Change; Forests; Fossils; Humans; Mastodons
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/158984
作者单位	Zazula, G.D., Yukon Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism and Culture, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada; MacPhee, R.D.E., Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States; Metcalfe, J.Z., Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Reyes, A.V., Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; Brock, F., Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Druckenmiller, P.S., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States, Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Groves, P., Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Harington, C.R., Research Division (Pal...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zazula G.D.,MacPhee R.D.E.,Metcalfe J.Z.,et al. American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change[J],2014,111(52).
APA	Zazula G.D..,MacPhee R.D.E..,Metcalfe J.Z..,Reyes A.V..,Brock F..,...&Southon J.R..(2014).American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,111(52).
MLA	Zazula G.D.,et al."American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111.52(2014).