气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1513696112
	Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments
	Librado P.; Der Sarkissian C.; Ermini L.; Schubert M.; Jónsson H.; Albrechtsen A.; Fumagalli M.; Yang M.A.; Gamba C.; Seguin-Orlando A.; Mortensen C.D.; Petersen B.; Hoove C.A.; Lorente-Galdos B.; Nedoluzhko A.; Boulygina E.; Tsygankova S.; Neuditschko M.; Jagannathan V.; Thèves C.; Alfarhan A.H.; Alquraishi S.A.; Al-Rasheid K.A.S.; Sicheritz-Ponten T.; Popov R.; Grigoriev S.; Alekseev A.N.; Rubin E.M.; McCue M.; Rieder S.; Leeb T.; Tikhonov A.; Crubézy E.; Slatkin M.; Marques-Bonet T.; Nielsen R.; Willerslev E.; Kantanen J.; Prokhortchouk E.; Orlando L.
发表日期	2015
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	E6889
结束页码	E6897
卷号	112 期号:50
英文摘要	Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below-70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski's horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cisregulatorymutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments.
英文关键词	Adaptation; Ancient genomics; Horse; Population discontinuity; Regulatory changes
语种	英语
scopus关键词	hormone; mitochondrial DNA; ribosome RNA; transfer RNA; animal experiment; Article; body size; conformational transition; controlled study; convergent evolution; environmental temperature; evolutionary adaptation; gene mutation; gene sequence; genetic variability; genome analysis; hair growth; Holocene; horse; mammoth; metabolic balance; migration; mitochondrial genome; nonhuman; phenotypic variation; population; priority journal; Przewalski's horse; regulatory mechanism; seasonal variation; signal transduction; survival rate; Upper Pleistocene; Yakut (people); adaptation; animal; Arctic; cold; genetics; genome; horse; molecular evolution; physiology; Russian Federation; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Arctic Regions; Cold Temperature; Evolution, Molecular; Genome; Horses; Siberia
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/158978
作者单位	Librado, P., Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark; Der Sarkissian, C., Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark; Ermini, L., Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark; Schubert, M., Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark; Jónsson, H., Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark; Albrechtsen, A., Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark; Fumagalli, M., UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Yang, M.A., Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, United States; ...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Librado P.,Der Sarkissian C.,Ermini L.,et al. Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments[J],2015,112(50).
APA	Librado P..,Der Sarkissian C..,Ermini L..,Schubert M..,Jónsson H..,...&Orlando L..(2015).Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(50).
MLA	Librado P.,et al."Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112.50(2015).