气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.1502547112
	Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget
	Smith F.A.; Hammond J.I.; Balk M.A.; Elliott S.M.; Lyons S.K.; Pardi M.I.; Tomé C.P.; Wagner P.J.; Westover M.L.
发表日期	2016
ISSN	0027-8424
起始页码	874
结束页码	879
卷号	113 期号:4
英文摘要	Globally, large-bodied wild mammals are in peril. Because "megamammals" have a disproportionate influence on vegetation, trophic interactions, and ecosystem function, declining populations are of considerable conservation concern. However, this is not new; trophic downgrading occurred in the past, including the African rinderpest epizootic of the 1890s, the massive Great Plains bison kill-off in the 1860s, and the terminal Pleistocene extinction of megafauna. Examining the consequences of these earlier events yields insights into contemporary ecosystem function. Here, we focus on changes inmethane emissions, produced as a byproduct of enteric fermentation by herbivores. Although methane is ∼200 times less abundant than carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the greater efficiency of methane in trapping radiation leads to a significant role in radiative forcing of climate. Using global datasets of late Quaternary mammals, domestic livestock, and human population from the United Nations as well as literature sources, we develop a series of allometric regressions relating mammal body mass to population density and CH4 production, which allows estimation of methane production by wild and domestic herbivores for each historic or ancient time period. We find the extirpation ofmegaherbivores reduced global enteric emissions between 2.2-69.6 Tg CH4 y-1 during the various time periods, representing a decrease of 0.8-34.8% of the overall inputs to tropospheric input. Our analyses suggest that large-bodied mammals have a greater influence on methane emissions than previously appreciated and, further, that changes in the source pool from herbivores can influence global biogeochemical cycles and, potentially, climate.
英文关键词	Anthropocene; Bison overkill; Megaherbivores; Rinderpest; Trophic downgrading
语种	英语
scopus关键词	carbon dioxide; methane; ice; methane; Article; Artiodactyla; biogeochemical cycle; Bison; climate change; fermentation; global climate; herbivore; historical period; Late Quaternary; nonhuman; Pleistocene; priority journal; radiative forcing; rinderpest; species extinction; Upper Pleistocene; anaerobic growth; animal; animal dispersal; climate; digestion; domestic animal; ecosystem; edible plant; epidemic; Europe; greenhouse effect; herbivory; history; human; human activities; mammal; metabolism; plant dispersal; veterinary; wild animal; Anaerobiosis; Animal Distribution; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bison; Climate; Digestion; Disease Outbreaks; Ecosystem; Europe; Extinction, Biological; Fermentation; Greenhouse Effect; Herbivory; History, Ancient; Human Activities; Humans; Ice; Mammals; Methane; Plant Dispersal; Plants, Edible; Rinderpest
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/158974
作者单位	Smith, F.A., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Hammond, J.I., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Balk, M.A., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Elliott, S.M., Climate, Ocean, Sea Ice Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States; Lyons, S.K., Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Pardi, M.I., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Tomé, C.P., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Wagner, P.J., Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Westover, M.L., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Smith F.A.,Hammond J.I.,Balk M.A.,et al. Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget[J],2016,113(4).
APA	Smith F.A..,Hammond J.I..,Balk M.A..,Elliott S.M..,Lyons S.K..,...&Westover M.L..(2016).Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113(4).
MLA	Smith F.A.,et al."Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113.4(2016).