气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

CCPortal

DOI	10.1029/2019MS001739
	UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model
	Sellar A.A.; Jones C.G.; Mulcahy J.P.; Tang Y.; Yool A.; Wiltshire A.; O'Connor F.M.; Stringer M.; Hill R.; Palmieri J.; Woodward S.; de Mora L.; Kuhlbrodt T.; Rumbold S.T.; Kelley D.I.; Ellis R.; Johnson C.E.; Walton J.; Abraham N.L.; Andrews M.B.; Andrews T.; Archibald A.T.; Berthou S.; Burke E.; Blockley E.; Carslaw K.; Dalvi M.; Edwards J.; Folberth G.A.; Gedney N.; Griffiths P.T.; Harper A.B.; Hendry M.A.; Hewitt A.J.; Johnson B.; Jones A.; Jones C.D.; Keeble J.; Liddicoat S.; Morgenstern O.; Parker R.J.; Predoi V.; Robertson E.; Siahaan A.; Smith R.S.; Swaminathan R.; Woodhouse M.T.; Zeng G.; Zerroukat M.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	19422466
起始页码	4513
结束页码	4558
卷号	11 期号:12
英文摘要	We document the development of the first version of the U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2-ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include a new core physical model with a well-resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide; two-moment, five-species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two-way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land, and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall, the model performs well, with a stable pre-industrial state and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger-than-observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealized simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: Equilibrium climate sensitivity is 5.4 K, transient climate response ranges from 2.68 to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions is 2.49 to 2.66 K TtC−1. ©2019. The Authors.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric radiation; Biogeochemistry; Carbon; Nitrogen oxides; Transient analysis; Acceptable performance; Biogeochemical cycle; Cumulative emissions; Global mean surface temperature; Historical simulation; Ocean biogeochemistry; Stratospheric chemistry; Terrestrial biogeochemistries; Climate models; atmosphere-ocean system; atmospheric chemistry; biogeochemistry; carbon cycle; climate modeling; complexity; feedback mechanism; holistic approach; radiative forcing; stratosphere-troposphere interaction; surface temperature; United Kingdom
来源期刊	Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156819
作者单位	Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; National Centre for Atmospheric Science, United Kingdom; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand; National Centre for Earth Observation, Leicester, United Kingdom; Earth Observation Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Aspendale, Australia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sellar A.A.,Jones C.G.,Mulcahy J.P.,et al. UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model[J],2019,11(12).
APA	Sellar A.A..,Jones C.G..,Mulcahy J.P..,Tang Y..,Yool A..,...&Zerroukat M..(2019).UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model.Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,11(12).
MLA	Sellar A.A.,et al."UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model".Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11.12(2019).