气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Long-term effects of wild ungulates on the structure, composition and succession of temperate forests

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.049
	Long-term effects of wild ungulates on the structure, composition and succession of temperate forests
	Ramirez J.I.; Jansen P.A.; den Ouden J.; Goudzwaard L.; Poorter L.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	478
结束页码	488
卷号	432
英文摘要	Ungulates in temperate regions are increasing in range and abundance, leading to concerns that browsing and trampling reach levels that hamper tree recruitment and forest regeneration. However, studies that actually quantify the long-term effects of ungulates on forest succession are scarce. Here, we use a chronosequence of ungulate exclosures (fenced) and control (unfenced) plots to assess the long-term effects of ungulates on forest structure, diversity and litter depth in forests on poor sandy soils at the Veluwe, the Netherlands, which have moderate ungulate densities (x¯ = 13.6 ungulates km−2). We surveyed the vegetation in 27 paired fenced and unfenced plots that ranged from 1 to 33 years old, and measured seven variables to characterize forest structure (stem density, canopy cover and understory vegetation cover), composition (Shannon diversity, species richness and conifer proportion) and leaf litter depth. We found on average that fencing compared to unfencing reduced understory vegetation cover (fenced = 64.3 ± 20.2%, unfenced = 80.3 ± 19.4%), increased canopy cover (fenced = 47.4 ± 30.1%, unfenced = 29.3 ± 21.1%), tree species richness (fenced = 4.5 ± 1.3 spp., unfenced = 2.7 ± 1.2 spp.), tree Shannon diversity (fenced = 1.1 ± 0.3 index, unfenced = 0.7 ± 0.3 index) and litter layer depth (fenced = 4.4 ± 1.4 cm, unfenced = 2.4 ± 1.1 cm). While fenced plots developed woody vegetation with palatable broadleaved species such as Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Prunus serotina, and Quercus robur, unfenced plots were not associated with any particular tree species. Our results show that current ungulate densities in this system have pronounced long-term effects on forest structure, composition and litter depth, implying that ungulates can slow down natural succession of temperate forest, from light demanding to shade tolerant species, by keeping the system in an arrested state consisting of light demanding species. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Browsing; Diversity; Forest; Functioning; Structure; Succession; Temperate; Ungulates
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Structure (composition); Vegetation; Browsing; Diversity; Forest; Functioning; Succession; Temperate; Ungulates; Reforestation; browsing; chronosequence; community structure; coniferous tree; deciduous forest; dicotyledon; forest ecosystem; leaf litter; sandy soil; shade tolerance; species diversity; species richness; succession; temperate forest; understory; ungulate; vegetation cover; Coverings; Depth; Light; Plants; Reforestation; Trees; Gelderland; Netherlands; Veluwe; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; Coniferophyta; Prunus serotina; Quercus robur; Ungulata
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156368
作者单位	Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, Wageningen, AA 6700, Netherlands; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, Wageningen, AA 6700, Netherlands; Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ramirez J.I.,Jansen P.A.,den Ouden J.,et al. Long-term effects of wild ungulates on the structure, composition and succession of temperate forests[J],2019,432.
APA	Ramirez J.I.,Jansen P.A.,den Ouden J.,Goudzwaard L.,&Poorter L..(2019).Long-term effects of wild ungulates on the structure, composition and succession of temperate forests.Forest Ecology and Management,432.
MLA	Ramirez J.I.,et al."Long-term effects of wild ungulates on the structure, composition and succession of temperate forests".Forest Ecology and Management 432(2019).