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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.024
	Evaluating the success of direct seeding for tropical forest restoration over ten years
	Freitas M.G.; Rodrigues S.B.; Campos-Filho E.M.; do Carmo G.H.P.; da Veiga J.M.; Junqueira R.G.P.; Vieira D.L.M.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	224
结束页码	232
卷号	438
英文摘要	Direct seeding is considered a feasible alternative for large-scale forest restoration, but little is known about the successional trajectory of tropical forests restored through direct seeding. To validate this method, we must understand how it changes forest structure and species richness and shapes the community trajectory as compared to the standard methods of natural regeneration and seedling planting. We evaluated restoration sites up to 10 years old in the Xingu river basin in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Our objectives were to: (i) describe changes in vegetation structure and richness in restored forests within the first decade; (ii) compare the outcome of restoration by direct seeding (broadcast seeding, sowing in rows, or placing seeds in holes) to seedling planting and natural regeneration; (iii) evaluate the influence of environmental variables (annual precipitation, soil phosphorus content, sand percentage, and soil base saturation) and the direct seeding technique on forest structure. We assessed species richness, density of individuals per size class, basal area, canopy height, aboveground biomass, and canopy cover. We sampled 72 direct-seeded sites between 1 and 10 years old, three seedling planting sites and six natural regeneration sites aged 7 to 9 years old. Community structure attributes changed over time, with the exception of the density of regenerating individuals. After four years, direct-seeded sites had formed a multi-layered canopy and were starting to be colonized by non-planted species. In general, direct-seeded sites had high aboveground biomass, but there was high variability among sites, especially after age six years. Sites with higher phosphorus content had more tree density, basal area, and biomass compared to the others. Broadcast seeding sites had higher seedling and sapling densities than sites that received other restoration methods. In conclusion, direct seeding was a successful method for the initial phase of forest restoration, promoting a structure that was more similar to resilient natural regeneration sites than to non-resilient natural regeneration sites and seedling planting sites. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Biomass; Chronosequence; Ecological restoration; Seedlings; Succession; Tree density
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biomass; Conservation; Phosphorus; Reforestation; Restoration; Tropics; Chronosequences; Ecological restoration; Seedlings; Succession; Tree density; Seed; aboveground biomass; canopy architecture; chronosequence; environmental restoration; population density; regrowth; restoration ecology; seedling establishment; species richness; tree; tree planting; tropical forest; vegetation structure; Biomass; Conservation; Phosphorus; Reforestation; Restoration; Tropics; Brazil; Mato Grosso; Xingu Basin
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156099
作者单位	Graduate Degree Program in Forest Science, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final), Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil; Instituto Socioambiental, SCLN 210, Bloco C, sala 112, Brasília, DF 70862-530, Brazil
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Freitas M.G.,Rodrigues S.B.,Campos-Filho E.M.,et al. Evaluating the success of direct seeding for tropical forest restoration over ten years[J],2019,438.
APA	Freitas M.G..,Rodrigues S.B..,Campos-Filho E.M..,do Carmo G.H.P..,da Veiga J.M..,...&Vieira D.L.M..(2019).Evaluating the success of direct seeding for tropical forest restoration over ten years.Forest Ecology and Management,438.
MLA	Freitas M.G.,et al."Evaluating the success of direct seeding for tropical forest restoration over ten years".Forest Ecology and Management 438(2019).