气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Lack of forest tree seedling recruitment and enhanced tree and shrub growth characterizes post-Tsuga canadensis mortality forests in the southern Appalachians

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.024
	Lack of forest tree seedling recruitment and enhanced tree and shrub growth characterizes post-Tsuga canadensis mortality forests in the southern Appalachians
	Dharmadi S.N.; Elliott K.J.; Miniat C.F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	122
结束页码	130
卷号	440
英文摘要	The loss of Tsuga canadensis from invasion by hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae, HWA) has altered ecosystem structure and function in forests across the eastern United States. In southern Appalachian forests, T. canadensis co-occurred with hardwood species and an evergreen Rhododendron maximum shrub layer in riparian and cove positions. In this region, HWA infestation was detected in 2003, with mortality reaching 97% by 2014. In this study we examined responses of light, soil moisture, tree seedling density, and overstory and understory vegetation growth from 2004 to 2014 following HWA infestation and mortality of T. canadensis. We hypothesized that seedling recruitment and vegetation growth would continue to increase over time as observed with initial trends reported through 2009, and that species that associate with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi may benefit more than those that do not due to the pulse of organic material in these stands from dead T. canadensis trees. Light transmission measured at 1 m above the ground increased from 2006 to 2009, but gradually decreased from 2015 to 2017. Basal area of overstory non-Tsuga trees increased only marginally, and there was no recruitment of tree seedlings to the overstory size class, even though seedling density of deciduous species increased initially. Increased basal area and stem density of R. maximum may explain the light and seedling responses, as this species can inhibit tree seedling recruitment by limiting light and nutrients. Overstory species with the highest basal area increment (BAI) in the post-T. canadensis stands were Pinus rigida, Betula lenta and Quercus coccinea, which all associate with ECM fungi. However, not all ECM tree species grew significantly more following T. canadensis mortality compared to pre-mortality growth rates—only those ECM species that had high growth rates prior to mortality did. After a decade, growth of both overstory trees and R. maximum has not compensated for the loss of T. canadensis. Active management of R. maximum, which may involve the removal of the evergreen shrub and soil organic layer, may be required to allow for diverse tree seedling recruitment; and subsequently, restore riparian forest structure, diversity, and function. © 2019
英文关键词	Eastern hemlock; Forest disturbance; Hemlock woolly adelgid; Rhododendron; Seedling recruitment
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Fungi; Hardwoods; Light transmission; Soil moisture; Vegetation; Eastern hemlock; Forest disturbances; Hemlock woolly adelgid; Rhododendron; Seedling recruitment; Forestry; basal area; deciduous tree; disturbance; ecosystem structure; ectomycorrhiza; forest ecosystem; fungus; growth; growth rate; mortality; nutrient limitation; overstory; riparian forest; seedling; shrub; street vendor; understory; woody plant; Forestry; Fungi; Hardwoods; Plants; Transmittance; Tsuga Caroliniana; Appalachians; United States; Adelges tsugae; Adelgidae; Betula lenta; Fungi; Pinus rigida; Quercus coccinea; Rhododendron; Rhododendron maximum; Tsuga; Tsuga canadensis
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156071
作者单位	Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, NC 28763, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Dharmadi S.N.,Elliott K.J.,Miniat C.F.. Lack of forest tree seedling recruitment and enhanced tree and shrub growth characterizes post-Tsuga canadensis mortality forests in the southern Appalachians[J],2019,440.
APA	Dharmadi S.N.,Elliott K.J.,&Miniat C.F..(2019).Lack of forest tree seedling recruitment and enhanced tree and shrub growth characterizes post-Tsuga canadensis mortality forests in the southern Appalachians.Forest Ecology and Management,440.
MLA	Dharmadi S.N.,et al."Lack of forest tree seedling recruitment and enhanced tree and shrub growth characterizes post-Tsuga canadensis mortality forests in the southern Appalachians".Forest Ecology and Management 440(2019).