气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: Implications for restoration management

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.027
	Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: Implications for restoration management
	Kramer R.D.; Sillett S.C.; Van Pelt R.; Franklin J.F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	127
结束页码	143
卷号	441
英文摘要	Large trees are critically important for structuring ecosystems and providing habitat, and trees with complex crowns provide more of these services than comparably sized trees with simple crowns. Forest managers are increasingly emulating old-growth structure by retaining various densities of aggregated and dispersed trees. This study explores how individual within-crown complexity develops in a wide range of tree densities and interprets them in terms of management goals. Stratified LiDAR data were used to select 36 Picea sitchensis trees 55 to 91 m tall and from the complete range of tree densities in Olympic rainforests. These were climbed, three-dimensionally mapped—including the trunk and every appendage—to quantify tree allometry and habitat-related structures within their crowns. Sampled trees were then aged with crossdated increment cores to construct a chronosequence of crown development. The sample ranged from 70 to 250 cm diameter and 100 to 400 years old. Circular 30 m radius plots were installed around each tree to quantify neighborhood density. An additional 19 trees ranging from 10 to 94 m tall were added to the sample (N = 55) to describe baseline crown development and then compared to the 36-tree sample in which we modeled how this baseline is altered by neighborhood competition. After ∼200 yr, crown mass increases faster than trunk mass due to accumulation and growth of large appendages. The largest neighbors within 25 m compete with Picea, reducing trunk and appendage diameters as well as crown volume by roughly 20% for each 25% increase in density for a given tree age. Reduced growth and higher mortality of lower-crown appendages in dense forests delays development of large (>15 cm diameter) appendages for over 100 yr. Abundance of structures associated with reiterated trunks is unrelated to neighborhood density but increases with crown damage. These findings contribute to an empirically-based conceptual framework for crown development in Picea and interpretation of management guidelines. Picea is then compared to Pseudotsuga menziesii—another well-studied tall conifer of Olympic rainforests. Picea accumulates ecologically important crown structures much faster than Pseudotsuga yet has roughly half the longevity, indicating that these co-occurring species have complementary functions. Because of its shade tolerance and extremely rapid growth in rainforests, Picea can be used to accelerate development of complex crown structures in forests typically planted with Pseudotsuga after logging. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Biodiversity; Canopy habitat; Large trees; Old growth forests; Picea; Pseudotsuga; Tree development; Variable density management
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Optical radar; Canopy habitat; Large trees; Old-growth forest; Picea; Pseudotsuga; Tree development; Variable density; Forestry; allometry; canopy architecture; chronosequence; conceptual framework; coniferous tree; lidar; mortality; neighborhood; old-growth forest; rainforest; restoration ecology; shade tolerance; Biodiversity; Development; Ecosystems; Forestry; Picea; Pseudotsuga; Structures; Trees; Coniferophyta; Picea; Picea sitchensis; Pseudotsuga
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156044
作者单位	School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kramer R.D.,Sillett S.C.,Van Pelt R.,et al. Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: Implications for restoration management[J],2019,441.
APA	Kramer R.D.,Sillett S.C.,Van Pelt R.,&Franklin J.F..(2019).Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: Implications for restoration management.Forest Ecology and Management,441.
MLA	Kramer R.D.,et al."Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: Implications for restoration management".Forest Ecology and Management 441(2019).