气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Severity of Swiss needle cast in young and mature Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, USA

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.063
	Severity of Swiss needle cast in young and mature Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, USA
	Lan Y.-H.; Shaw D.C.; Beedlow P.A.; Lee E.H.; Waschmann R.S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	79
结束页码	95
卷号	442
英文摘要	Swiss needle cast (SNC), caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, is an important foliage disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests of the Pacific Northwest. The fungus lives endophytically within the foliage, until forming reproductive structures (pseudothecia) that plug stomates and cause carbon starvation. When pseudothecia appear on one- and two-year-old foliage, significant needle abscission can occur, which reduces productivity of the tree. While there is considerable evidence of SNC disease in coastal Douglas-fir plantations, the severity of SNC in mature and old-growth forests is poorly understood. We compared tree crowns of mature and old-growth conifer forests and nearby young forests at three locations in the Oregon Coast Range and four locations in the western Cascade Range of Oregon. We assessed disease severity for N. gaeumannii on two-year-old foliage, incidence by presence of N. gaeumannii on all foliage, foliage retention for the first four years, and foliar nitrogen of one-year-old foliage. We also compared leaf wetness at three heights in one mature and one young tree at five of the seven sites. Disease severity was greater in young forests than mature forests at all sites except for high elevation Cascade Range areas. Incidence of disease was highest for two-year-old needles in young trees and 3–5 year-old needles in mature trees, except for one coastal site. Retention of 1–4 year-old needle cohorts differed between young and mature trees, and mature trees had much larger complements of > four-year-old needles. Total foliar nitrogen (TN) concentration did not differ in needles of young and mature trees, but at some locations total N differed between canopy positions. Leaf wetness differences were not consistent between young and mature tree crowns. However, at one study site in the core epidemic area, the younger stand had longer periods of wetness in the upper crowns than a nearby old stand. Leaf wetness and foliar N were hypothesized to play a role in SNC disease severity, but they do not explain differences in adjacent young and mature trees. Although the fungus is present in old and young trees, the likelihood of disease expression and lower foliage retention appears to be greater in younger plantation trees than mature and older trees in western Oregon Douglas-fir forests. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Conifer foliage disease; Douglas-fir; SNC disease incidence; SNC disease severity index; Tree age difference
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Location; Needles; Nitrogen; Plants (botany); Coastal Douglas-fir; Disease incidence; Disease severity; Douglas fir; Oregon coast ranges; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Swiss needle casts; Tree age; Forestry; abscission; age; cohort analysis; coniferous forest; disease incidence; disease severity; epidemic; evergreen forest; foliage; fungal disease; fungus; index method; old-growth forest; Forestry; Forests; Moisture Content; Needles; Nitrogen; Pseudotsuga Menziesii; Trees; Cascade Range; Oregon; Pacific Northwest; United States; Coniferophyta; Fungi; Pseudotsuga; Pseudotsuga menziesii
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/156019
作者单位	Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, United States; Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, United States; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lan Y.-H.,Shaw D.C.,Beedlow P.A.,et al. Severity of Swiss needle cast in young and mature Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, USA[J],2019,442.
APA	Lan Y.-H.,Shaw D.C.,Beedlow P.A.,Lee E.H.,&Waschmann R.S..(2019).Severity of Swiss needle cast in young and mature Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, USA.Forest Ecology and Management,442.
MLA	Lan Y.-H.,et al."Severity of Swiss needle cast in young and mature Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, USA".Forest Ecology and Management 442(2019).