气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.04.054
	Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
	Leaver J.; Mulvaney J.; Ehlers Smith D.A.; Ehlers Smith Y.C.; Cherry M.I.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
起始页码	82
结束页码	95
卷号	445
英文摘要	The ecological impact of forest product harvesting is poorly understood despite the reliance of millions of impoverished households on forest resources. As birds are indicators of environmental change and essential for the function and regeneration of forest ecosystems, this study aimed to assess the response of bird species richness and functional diversity to unregulated forest product harvesting, to illuminate the impact of harvest disturbances on forest biodiversity. Five forest ecotypes in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were sampled by means of circular plots in which bird communities, habitat structure and harvest intensities of sub-canopy trees harvested for poles, canopy trees harvested for timber, and bark harvested for medicinal use, were recorded. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to assess the response of bird diversity to harvesting activities measured on a continuous scale, and forest ecotype. Correlations between feeding traits and environmental variables relating to habitat structure and harvest disturbances were investigated using RLQ and fourth-corner analysis to better understand which traits were sensitive to harvest disturbances. Results indicated that forest ecotype was an important driver of variation in species richness and functional diversity. Additionally, harvesting disturbances negatively affected two measures of functional diversity, while species richness and functional richness were unaffected by harvesting. Specifically, functional evenness was negatively affected by timber harvesting, while functional dispersion declined in response to pole and bark harvesting. Bird traits relating to feeding ecology (i.e. primary diet and foraging strategy) were associated with habitat structure and harvest disturbances, indicating that harvest activities affected community structure. Specifically, frugivores and granivores were negatively affected by pole and bark harvesting respectively, while omnivorous species were positively affected by these harvest activities. Conversely, timber harvesting negatively affected omnivores, and positively affected nectarivores. Bark and timber harvesting, which resulted in canopy gaps, negatively affected species which forage in the understory or on the forest floor, while pole harvesting, which reduced tree abundance but not canopy cover, negatively affected canopy-foraging species. These results suggest that current unregulated forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape may negatively affect forest productivity and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, this is the first study to measure the effects of harvesting of poles and medicinal bark on the functional diversity of avian forest communities. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Avian community structure; Ecosystem function; Extractive disturbance; Medicinal bark harvesting; RLQ; Timber harvesting
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Birds; Ecosystems; Logging (forestry); Poles; Reforestation; Timber; Avian communities; Ecosystem functions; Environmental variables; Extractive disturbance; Fourth corner analysis; Generalized linear model; Harvesting activities; Timber harvesting; Harvesting; avifauna; bark; bird; community response; disturbance; ecosystem function; ecotype; environmental change; forest ecosystem; forest product; forest resource; functional group; habitat structure; human activity; species diversity; timber harvesting; Bark; Biodiversity; Birds; Ecosystems; Harvesting; Productivity; Reforestation; Trees; Cape Province; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Aves
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155961
作者单位	Stellenbosch University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, School of Life Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Leaver J.,Mulvaney J.,Ehlers Smith D.A.,et al. Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa[J],2019,445.
APA	Leaver J.,Mulvaney J.,Ehlers Smith D.A.,Ehlers Smith Y.C.,&Cherry M.I..(2019).Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Forest Ecology and Management,445.
MLA	Leaver J.,et al."Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa".Forest Ecology and Management 445(2019).