气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Primary forest distribution and representation in a Central European landscape: Results of a large-scale field-based census

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117466
	Primary forest distribution and representation in a Central European landscape: Results of a large-scale field-based census
	Mikoláš M.; Ujházy K.; Jasík M.; Wiezik M.; Gallay I.; Polák P.; Vysoký J.; Čiliak M.; Meigs G.W.; Svoboda M.; Trotsiuk V.; Keeton W.S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	449
英文摘要	Given the global intensification of forest management and climate change, protecting and studying forests that develop free of direct human intervention—also known as primary forests—are becoming increasingly important. Yet, most countries still lack data regarding primary forest distribution. Previous studies have tested remote sensing approaches as a promising tool for identifying primary forests. However, their precision is highly dependent on data quality and resolution, which vary considerably. This has led to underestimation of primary forest abundance and distribution in some regions, such as the temperate zone of Europe. Field-based inventories of primary forests and methodologies to conduct these assessments are inconsistent; incomplete or inaccurate mapping increases the vulnerability of primary forest systems to continued loss from clearing and land-use change. We developed a comprehensive methodological approach for identifying primary forests, and tested it within one of Europe's hotspots of primary forest abundance: the Carpathian Mountains. From 2009 to 2015, we conducted the first national-scale primary forest census covering the entire 49,036 km2 area of the Slovak Republic. We analyzed primary forest distribution patterns and the representativeness of potential vegetation types within primary forest remnants. We further evaluated the conservation status and extent of primary forest loss. Remaining primary forests are small, fragmented, and often do not represent the potential natural vegetation. We identified 261 primary forest localities. However, they represent only 0.47% of the total forested area, which is 0.21% of the country's land area. The spatial pattern of primary forests was clustered. Primary forests have tended to escape anthropogenic disturbance on sites with higher elevations, steeper slopes, rugged terrain, and greater distances from roads and settlements. Primary forest stands of montane mixed and subalpine spruce forests are more abundant compared to broadleaved forests. Notably, several habitat types are completely missing within primary forests (e.g., floodplain forests). More than 30% of the remaining primary forests are not strictly protected, and harvesting occurred at 32 primary forest localities within the study period. Almost all logging of primary forests was conducted inside of protected areas, underscoring the critical status of primary forest distribution in this part of Europe. Effective conservation strategies are urgently needed to stop the rapid loss and fragmentation of the remaining primary forests. Our approach based on precise, field-based surveys is widely applicable and transferrable to other fragmented forest landscapes. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Biodiversity; Ecosystem functions; Forest landscapes; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Reserve design
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Climate change; Conservation; Ecosystems; Environmental protection; Land use; Remote sensing; Surveys; Vegetation; Ecosystem functions; Forest landscape; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Reserve design; Forestry; anthropogenic effect; assessment method; biodiversity; census; climate change; coniferous forest; ecosystem function; environmental disturbance; field method; forest ecosystem; forest management; habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; human activity; landscape ecology; montane forest; reserve design; spatial distribution; temperate environment; vulnerability; Biodiversity; Conservation; Ecosystems; Land Use; Remote Sensing; Surveys; Carpathians; Slovakia; Picea
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155824
作者单位	Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcka cesta 1176, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic; PRALES, Odtrnovie 563, Rosina, SK-01322, Slovakia; Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen, SK-960 53, Slovakia; Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen, SK-960 53, Slovakia; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland; University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, 81 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mikoláš M.,Ujházy K.,Jasík M.,et al. Primary forest distribution and representation in a Central European landscape: Results of a large-scale field-based census[J],2019,449.
APA	Mikoláš M..,Ujházy K..,Jasík M..,Wiezik M..,Gallay I..,...&Keeton W.S..(2019).Primary forest distribution and representation in a Central European landscape: Results of a large-scale field-based census.Forest Ecology and Management,449.
MLA	Mikoláš M.,et al."Primary forest distribution and representation in a Central European landscape: Results of a large-scale field-based census".Forest Ecology and Management 449(2019).