气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Persistence of a keystone microhabitat in boreal forests: Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus)

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117530
	Persistence of a keystone microhabitat in boreal forests: Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus)
	Hardenbol A.A.; Pakkala T.; Kouki J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	450
英文摘要	Tree cavities are microhabitats used by multiple taxa and are considered indicators of forest biodiversity. The factors that affect cavity occurrence and its dynamics are poorly known. We studied tree- and stand-level factors that affect cavity persistence in boreal forests. Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus) (n = 654) were surveyed in a 170 km2 area in southern Finland for 31 years during 1987–2017. In total, 447 cavities were lost during the study period: 329 to tree fall or breakage, 72 to cavity damage, and 46 to logging. With the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models, we analysed which tree- and stand-level factors affected the risk of a cavity to be damaged or lost due to tree fall. The median lifespan of cavities was 10 years, and both tree- and stand-level factors affected the persistence of cavities. Cavities in managed forest areas with low territory occupancy rates were more at risk of tree fall and cavity damage than in other types of forest areas. In all nest tree species, with the exception of European aspen (Populus tremula), the risk of cavity loss to tree fall declined with increasing tree diameter. Moreover, the risk of cavity loss to tree fall was higher in dead trees than in healthy and weakened trees. Cavities in deciduous tree species other than aspen were more at risk of damage than in other tree species. Furthermore, the risk of cavity damage was greater in cavities located lower in a tree. This study showed that factors like the tree species, and size and condition of a tree modify the persistence of woodpecker-made cavities. Consequently, it is likely that these factors influence the value of cavities as microhabitats and how these cavities can be used as indicators of forest biodiversity. Understanding the dynamics of cavities in forest habitats appears critical for the use of cavities as general biodiversity indicators. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Cavity survival; Survival models; Three-toed woodpecker; Tree cavity; Tree-related microhabitats; Woodpecker cavity
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Cavity survival; Microhabitats; Survival model; Three-toed woodpecker; Tree cavities; Woodpecker cavity; Forestry; biodiversity; boreal forest; cavity; deciduous tree; keystone species; microhabitat; passerine; risk assessment; survival; Biodiversity; Damage; Ecosystems; Forestry; Holes; Indicators; Populus Tremula; Trees; Picoides tridactylus; Populus tremula
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155793
作者单位	University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland; University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, 16900 Lammi, Finland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hardenbol A.A.,Pakkala T.,Kouki J.. Persistence of a keystone microhabitat in boreal forests: Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus)[J],2019,450.
APA	Hardenbol A.A.,Pakkala T.,&Kouki J..(2019).Persistence of a keystone microhabitat in boreal forests: Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus).Forest Ecology and Management,450.
MLA	Hardenbol A.A.,et al."Persistence of a keystone microhabitat in boreal forests: Cavities of Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus)".Forest Ecology and Management 450(2019).