气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Contrasting patterns of natural mortality in primary Picea forests of the Carpathian Mountains

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117734
	Contrasting patterns of natural mortality in primary Picea forests of the Carpathian Mountains
	Synek M.; Janda P.; Mikoláš M.; Nagel T.A.; Schurman J.S.; Pettit J.L.; Trotsiuk V.; Morrissey R.C.; Bače R.; Čada V.; Brang P.; Bugmann H.; Begovič K.; Chaskovskyy O.; Dušátko M.; Frankovič M.; Kameniar O.; Kníř T.; Kozák D.; Langbehn T.; Málek J.; Rodrigo R.; Saulnier M.; Teodosiu M.; Vostarek O.; Svoboda M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	457
英文摘要	Mortality, driven by both climate and disturbance legacies, is a key process shaping forest dynamics. Understanding the mortality patterns in primary forests in the absence of severe disturbances provides information on background natural dynamics of a given forest type under ongoing climate change. This can then be compared to mortality rates in severely-disturbed stands. Using a large number of sample plots along a gradient from low to high disturbance, we examined the mortality rates and composition of mortality agents in primary mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests on different spatial scales. We evaluated the mortality rates and causes of mortality in 28 stands across a large geographical gradient spanning over 1000 km. We resampled (five-year period) 371 plots (16,287 living trees) in primary Norway spruce forests along the Carpathian mountain chain. The estimated overall annual mortality rate was within the previously reported range of background (ambient) mortality, however, stand-level and plot-level mortality rates varied substantially. Over 18% of plots displayed more than 2% annual mortality and 6% of plots even exceeded 10% per year. Stands in the Western Carpathians showed the highest variability in the mortality rate, with 30% of the stands in this region showing annual mortality rates over 5%. At the plot level, mixed-severity disturbances increased variability of mortality rates within most localities. Overall mortality was evenly distributed among size classes up to 50 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). However, the distributions differ for individual mortality agents. Mortality modes were classified into six categories (broken crown, broken stem, uprooted, competition, bark beetle/fungi, climatic extremes). Bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation was the most frequent mortality agent in all stands, whereas the influence of competition as a mortality agent varied substantially. Mortality from abiotically-caused physical damage was similar to that from competition, yet the distribution among modes of physical damage (uprooted, crown, or stem breakage) varied. The lack of clear evidence of mortality agents in some locations implies that many tree deaths are caused by a combination of contributing factors. The results suggest the role of bark beetle as a mortality agent does not equate to severe mortality at large scales. Prevalence of different size classes affected by individual mortality agents underline the high complexity of the mortality process in primary forests. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Forestry; Landforms; Plants (botany); Contributing factor; Diameter-at-breast heights; Geographical gradients; Mortality patterns; Number of samples; Physical damages; Picea Abies (L.) Karst; Western carpathians; Population statistics; beetle; climate change; deciduous forest; diameter; disturbance; forest dynamics; mortality; Agents; Bark; Competition; Damage; Forestry; Forests; Mortality; Patterns; Carpathians; Norway; Ips typographus; Picea; Picea abies; Scolytinae
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155598
作者单位	Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol, 16521, Czech Republic; PRALES, Odtrnovie 563, Rosina, 013 22, Slovakia; Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Vecna Pot 83, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland; Faculty of Forestry, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Gen. Chuprynka 103, Lviv, 790 57, Ukraine; “Marin Dracea” National Research-Development Institute in Forestry, Station Campulung Moldovenesc, Calea Bucovinei 73b, Campulung Moldovenesc, Suceava 725100, Romania; Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Universitatii 13, Suceava, 720...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Synek M.,Janda P.,Mikoláš M.,et al. Contrasting patterns of natural mortality in primary Picea forests of the Carpathian Mountains[J],2020,457.
APA	Synek M..,Janda P..,Mikoláš M..,Nagel T.A..,Schurman J.S..,...&Svoboda M..(2020).Contrasting patterns of natural mortality in primary Picea forests of the Carpathian Mountains.Forest Ecology and Management,457.
MLA	Synek M.,et al."Contrasting patterns of natural mortality in primary Picea forests of the Carpathian Mountains".Forest Ecology and Management 457(2020).