气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Open forest ecosystems: An excluded state

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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118256
	Open forest ecosystems: An excluded state
	Hanberry B.B.; Bragg D.C.; Alexander H.D.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	472
英文摘要	Once dominant but now largely excluded from eastern North America, open forests of savannas to woodlands occupy the ecosystem gradient between grasslands and closed forests. These fire-maintained systems differ in structure, processes, and species from closed canopy, succession-driven forests that currently dominate this region. In functional open forest ecosystems, frequent, low to mixed severity and intensity surface fires limit tree regeneration, depending on factors such as overstory tree density, resulting in relatively stable structure where overstory trees co-exist with a largely herbaceous understory. Reduced and spatially variable tree densities in open forests result in unique environmental conditions and function. Trees in open forests typically represent a small fraction of the biodiversity, which instead resides in the rich herbaceous ground layer. Rather than being constrained by overstory disturbances, succession, and biological legacies, the permanently open structure and herbaceous communities of open forests support invertebrate and vertebrate species throughout their lifetimes. Transition from open to closed forests across most of eastern North America during the past century produced a “new normal,” in which excluded open forests remain largely unrecognized at considerable conservation costs, particularly loss of key processes and wildlife species associated with a matrix of co-dominant tree and herbaceous layers. Management for open forests emphasizes the understory herbaceous plant community, similar to ephemeral seral stages of successional forest, rather than tree regeneration to produce an alternative outcome in structure, function, and support for biodiversity. © 2020
英文关键词	Ecological restoration; Fire; Function; Herbaceous plants; Understory; Wildlife
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Conservation; Ecosystems; Plants (botany); Biological legacies; Conservation costs; Eastern north america; Ecosystem gradients; Environmental conditions; Herbaceous plants; Stable structures; Vertebrate species; Reforestation; biodiversity; disturbance; environmental conditions; forest ecosystem; herb; overstory; plant community; succession; understory; Biodiversity; Conservation; Ecosystems; Forests; North America; Processes; Reforestation; Trees; North America; Invertebrata; Vertebrata
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155182
作者单位	USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 8221 Mt. Rushmore Road, Rapid City, SD 57702, United States; USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656, United States; Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, 775 Stone Blvd., Mississippi State University, Mississippi StateMS 39762, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hanberry B.B.,Bragg D.C.,Alexander H.D.. Open forest ecosystems: An excluded state[J],2020,472.
APA	Hanberry B.B.,Bragg D.C.,&Alexander H.D..(2020).Open forest ecosystems: An excluded state.Forest Ecology and Management,472.
MLA	Hanberry B.B.,et al."Open forest ecosystems: An excluded state".Forest Ecology and Management 472(2020).