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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118324
	Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen
	Donald F.; Green S.; Searle K.; Cunniffe N.J.; Purse B.V.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	473
英文摘要	The oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora austrocedri, is an aggressive killer of cypress trees causing severe mortality of Chilean cedar (Austrocedrus chilensis) in Argentina since the 1940 s and now of common juniper (Juniperus communis s.l.) in the UK. Rapid mortality of key UK juniper populations was first observed in the early 2000 s. The causal agent of mortality was confirmed as P. austrocedri in 2012 and the pathogen has now been widely detected - but is not ubiquitous - in juniper populations across Scotland and England. Although juniper has a broad distribution across the northern hemisphere, the UK incidence of P. austrocedri remains the only confirmed infection of juniper populations globally. Juniper is an important species for biodiversity, so it is imperative to understand the abiotic and biotic drivers of emergent P. austrocedri infection to inform detection, containment and conservation strategies to manage juniper populations across the full extent of its range. As management of UK juniper populations is primarily conducted at a local level, we investigated field scale drivers of disease – in three, geographically separate populations with different infection histories. Variation in the proportion of juniper showing symptoms - discoloured or dead foliage – was measured using stratified sampling across along key environmental gradients within each 100-hectare population. Potential predictors of infection included altitude, slope, distance to nearest watercourse, soil moisture (mean percentage volumetric water content), area of red deer browsing damage and area of commonly associated vascular plant species. We assessed support in the data for alternative models explaining the spatial distribution of P. austrocedri symptoms using full subset covariate selection and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Despite differences in environmental gradients and infection histories between populations, area of juniper symptomatic for P. austrocedri increased with waterlogging, increasing with soil moisture in sites where soils had higher peat or clay contents, and decreasing with proximity to watercourses where sites had shallower, sandier soils. Furthermore, we identified common taxa in the associated plant community that correlated with increased area of symptoms and could be used by land managers as indicators to identify microsites at high risk of infection, enabling site-specific tailoring of disease management strategies. Such strategies could include prioritising detection inspections in microsites with high water tables and high grazing pressure (guided by indicator taxa), limiting soil disturbance in wet microsites and creating sites for natural regeneration in drier microsites, to minimise pathogen spread and maximise the resilience of existing juniper populations. © 2020
英文关键词	Forest pathogen; Generalised Linear Mixed Models; Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations; Juniper; Phytophthora austrocedri; Plant health
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Conservation; Digital storage; Groundwater; Pathogens; Plants (botany); Reforestation; Water content; Conservation strategies; Deviance information criterion; Disease management strategies; Environmental gradient; Natural regeneration; Small scale variability; Vascular plant species; Volumetric water content; Soil moisture; biodiversity; dicotyledon; disease incidence; infectious disease; invasive species; mortality; Northern Hemisphere; pathogen; soil moisture; spatial distribution; symptom; vascular plant; vulnerability; Biodiversity; Conservation; Moisture Content; Natural Reforestation; Pathogens; Argentina; England; Scotland; United Kingdom; Austrocedrus chilensis; Cervus elaphus; Cupressus; Juniperus; Juniperus communis; Phytophthora; Tracheophyta
来源期刊	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/155140
作者单位	UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom; Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9SY, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Donald F.,Green S.,Searle K.,et al. Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen[J],2020,473.
APA	Donald F.,Green S.,Searle K.,Cunniffe N.J.,&Purse B.V..(2020).Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen.Forest Ecology and Management,473.
MLA	Donald F.,et al."Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen".Forest Ecology and Management 473(2020).