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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab443d
	Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe
	Ottelin J.; Heinonen J.; Nässén J.; Junnila S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:11
英文摘要	Urbanisation increases household carbon footprints in developing economies. However, the results from developed countries have varied, particularly in Europe. This study provides a coherent comparison of the impact of the degree of urbanisation on income, expenditure and carbon footprints in Europe. On average, carbon footprints are 7% lower in cities than in rural areas when income and household characteristics are controlled. However, this is compensated by the 6% higher average income in cities. The patterns are not uniform in all countries. In Eastern Europe, the pattern is similar to other developing regions. In some Western European countries, both the income level and the carbon footprints are lower in urban areas than in rural areas. In the rest of Europe, the differences in income level between rural and urban areas are small, but they still largely compensate for the efficiency benefits of urban areas. We call for more systemic emissions accounting and climate strategies. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	built environment; cities; climate action; consumption-based; greenhouse gas emissions; rebound effect
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Economic analysis; Emission control; Gas emissions; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Rural areas; Built environment; cities; climate action; consumption-based; Rebound effect; Carbon footprint; carbon footprint; climate change; consumption behavior; environmental economics; expenditure; greenhouse gas; income; urbanization; Eastern Europe
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154767
作者单位	Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, Finland; University of Iceland, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iceland; Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Physical Resource Theory, Sweden
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ottelin J.,Heinonen J.,Nässén J.,et al. Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe[J],2019,14(11).
APA	Ottelin J.,Heinonen J.,Nässén J.,&Junnila S..(2019).Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe.Environmental Research Letters,14(11).
MLA	Ottelin J.,et al."Household carbon footprint patterns by the degree of urbanisation in Europe".Environmental Research Letters 14.11(2019).