气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): International crop trade networks: The impact of shocks and cascades

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab4864
	International crop trade networks: The impact of shocks and cascades
	Burkholz R.; Schweitzer F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:11
英文摘要	Analyzing available FAO data from 176 countries over 21 years, we observe an increase of complexity in the international trade of maize, rice, soy, and wheat. A larger number of countries play a role as producers or intermediaries, either for trade or food processing. In consequence, we find that the trade networks become more prone to failure cascades caused by exogenous shocks. In our model, countries compensate for demand deficits by imposing export restrictions. To capture these, we construct higher-order trade dependency networks for the different crops and years. These networks reveal hidden dependencies between countries and provide an estimate of necessary stock reserves to protect countries from cascading export restrictions. They differ substantially from first-order networks that do not take cascading effects into account. We find rice trade most prone to cascading export restrictions. A great number of Asian and African countries are most exposed to cascades. Noticeably, the main suppliers are similar for most of the crops: USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and India. While shocks in the USA mainly affect South America and several Asian countries, the south of Africa is primarily dependent on American and Asian exporters. The north of Africa depends strongly on Europe, in particular via wheat imports. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	cascades; food trade; maize; network; rice; soy; wheat
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Cascades (fluid mechanics); Food processing; International trade; Networks (circuits); Asian countries; Cascading effects; Dependency networks; Exogenous shocks; Export restrictions; maize; rice; wheat; Crops; agricultural economics; crop production; export; Food and Agricultural Organization; global trade; maize; network analysis; regulatory framework; rice; soybean; wheat; Africa; Argentina; Brazil; Canada; Europe; India; South America; United States; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154764
作者单位	Department of Systems Design, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 58, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Burkholz R.,Schweitzer F.. International crop trade networks: The impact of shocks and cascades[J],2019,14(11).
APA	Burkholz R.,&Schweitzer F..(2019).International crop trade networks: The impact of shocks and cascades.Environmental Research Letters,14(11).
MLA	Burkholz R.,et al."International crop trade networks: The impact of shocks and cascades".Environmental Research Letters 14.11(2019).