气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971-2017

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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b
	Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971-2017
	Box J.E.; Colgan W.T.; Christensen T.R.; Schmidt N.M.; Lund M.; Parmentier F.-J.W.; Brown R.; Bhatt U.S.; Euskirchen E.S.; Romanovsky V.E.; Walsh J.E.; Overland J.E.; Wang M.; Corell R.W.; Meier W.N.; Wouters B.; Mernild S.; Mård J.; Pawlak J.; Olsen M.S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:4
英文摘要	Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971-2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification of the hydrological cycle, evident from increases in humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue in sea ice thickness (and extent) and spring snow cover extent and duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several of the climate indicators exhibit a significant statistical correlation with air temperature or precipitation, reinforcing the notion that increasing air temperatures and precipitation are drivers of major changes in various components of the Arctic system. To progress beyond a presentation of the Arctic physical climate changes, we find a correspondence between air temperature and biophysical indicators such as tundra biomass and identify numerous biophysical disruptions with cascading effects throughout the trophic levels. These include: increased delivery of organic matter and nutrients to Arctic near-coastal zones; condensed flowering and pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch between plant flowering and pollinators; increased plant vulnerability to insect disturbance; increased shrub biomass; increased ignition of wildfires; increased growing season CO2 uptake, with counterbalancing increases in shoulder season and winter CO2 emissions; increased carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology and permafrost thaw; conversion between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; and shifting animal distribution and demographics. The Arctic biophysical system is now clearly trending away from its 20th Century state and into an unprecedented state, with implications not only within but beyond the Arctic. The indicator time series of this study are freely downloadable at AMAP.no. © 2019 2018 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	AMAP; Arctic climate change; observational records
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aquatic ecosystems; Atmospheric temperature; Biophysics; Carbon dioxide; Coastal zones; Permafrost; Sea ice; Snow; AMAP; Arctic climate change; Biophysical indicators; Biophysical systems; Equilibrium line altitudes; Hydrological cycles; observational records; Statistical correlation; Climate change; air temperature; biomass; biophysics; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; climate change; environmental disturbance; equilibrium line; ice thickness; organic matter; permafrost; proxy climate record; Animalia; Hexapoda
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154633
作者单位	Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Soil Quality and Climate Change, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (Nibio), Ås, Norway; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, United States; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Washington, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Miami, Mi...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Box J.E.,Colgan W.T.,Christensen T.R.,et al. Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971-2017[J],2019,14(4).
APA	Box J.E..,Colgan W.T..,Christensen T.R..,Schmidt N.M..,Lund M..,...&Olsen M.S..(2019).Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971-2017.Environmental Research Letters,14(4).
MLA	Box J.E.,et al."Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971-2017".Environmental Research Letters 14.4(2019).