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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab281f
	Five hundred years of anthropogenic mercury: Spatial and temporal release profiles
	Streets D.G.; Horowitz H.M.; Lu Z.; Levin L.; Thackray C.P.; Sunderland E.M.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:8
英文摘要	When released to the biosphere, mercury (Hg) is very mobile and can take millennia to be returned to a secure, long-term repository. Understanding where and when Hg was released as a result of human activities allows better quantification of present-day reemissions and future trajectories of environmental concentrations. In this work, we estimate the time-varying releases of Hg in seven world regions over the 500 year period, 1510-2010. By our estimation, this comprises 95% of all-time anthropogenic releases. Globally, 1.47 Tg of Hg were released in this period, 23% directly to the atmosphere and 77% to land and water bodies. Cumulative releases have been largest in Europe (427 Gg) and North America (413 Gg). In some world regions (Africa/Middle East and Oceania), almost all (>99%) of the Hg is relatively recent (emitted since 1850), whereas in South America it is mostly of older vintage (63% emitted before 1850). Asia was the greatest-emitting region in 2010, while releases in Europe and North America have declined since the 1970s, as recognition of the risks posed by Hg have led to its phase-out in commercial usage. The continued use of Hg in artisanal and small-scale gold mining means that the Africa/Middle East region is now a major contributor. We estimate that 72% of cumulative Hg emissions to air has been in the form of elemental mercury (Hg0), which has a long lifetime in the atmosphere and can therefore be transported long distances. Our results show that 83% of the total Hg has been released to local water bodies, onto land, or quickly deposited from the air in divalent (HgII) form. Regionally, this value ranges from 77% in Africa/Middle East and Oceania to 89% in South America. Results from global biogeochemical modeling indicate improved agreement of the refined emission estimates in this study with archival records of Hg accumulation in estuarine and deep ocean sediment. © US Government.
英文关键词	global budget; historical releases; mercury; regional pollution
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Environmental engineering; Mercury (metal); Research; Anthropogenic mercury; Biogeochemical modeling; Deep ocean sediments; Elemental mercury; Environmental concentration; Global budget; historical releases; Regional pollution; Budget control; anthropogenic source; concentration (composition); human activity; mercury (element); spatiotemporal analysis; Africa; Europe; Middle East; North America; South America
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154479
作者单位	Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States; Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Streets D.G.,Horowitz H.M.,Lu Z.,et al. Five hundred years of anthropogenic mercury: Spatial and temporal release profiles[J],2019,14(8).
APA	Streets D.G.,Horowitz H.M.,Lu Z.,Levin L.,Thackray C.P.,&Sunderland E.M..(2019).Five hundred years of anthropogenic mercury: Spatial and temporal release profiles.Environmental Research Letters,14(8).
MLA	Streets D.G.,et al."Five hundred years of anthropogenic mercury: Spatial and temporal release profiles".Environmental Research Letters 14.8(2019).