气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab282f
	Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands
	Macdonald A.M.; Bell R.A.; Kebede S.; Azagegn T.; Yehualaeshet T.; Pichon F.; Young M.; McKenzie A.A.; Lapworth D.J.; Black E.; Calow R.C.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:9
英文摘要	During drought, groundwater is often relied on to provide secure drinking water, particularly in rural Africa where other options are limited. However, the technology chosen to access groundwater significantly affects local water security. Here we examine the performance of springs, hand-dug-wells and boreholes in northern Ethiopia through direct high frequency monitoring of water-levels (n = 19) and water quality (n = 48) over an 18 month period and gathering information on community impacts of declining water access during the El Niño 2015/2016 drought. We found that shallow boreholes equipped with handpumps were the most reliable water supply, recovering within hours to daily abstraction throughout all conditions. Recovery and performance of most hand-dug-wells and springs declined significantly throughout the extended dry season, although in specific aquifer conditions they were reliable. All sources types had negligible measured contamination from Thermo-tolerant Coliforms through the extended dry season, but were contaminated during the rains marking drought cessation. Boreholes were least affected, median 10 cfu/100 ml, compared to 190 and 59 cfu/100 ml for hand-dug-wells and springs respectively. Many communities who relied solely on springs, wells or rivers experienced severe water shortage in the El Niño drought with mean daily collection times up to 12 h and volumes collected reducing to 3-5 litre per-capita-per-day. This led to reports of violent conflict, missed meals, reduction in school attendance and farm activity and increased health impacts. From this study there is a clear case for improving resilience to drought by installing boreholes equipped with handpumps where feasible even if collection times are >30 min. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aquifers; Boreholes; Groundwater resources; Potable water; Water levels; Water quality; Water supply; Aquifer conditions; Dry seasons; Health impact; High-frequency monitoring; Rural africa; Shallow boreholes; Water security; Water shortages; Drought; drought; groundwater; rural area; temperature tolerance; water level; water quality; water supply; Ethiopian Highlands
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154407
作者单位	British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom; British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom; Dept of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Water Policy Programme, Overseas Development Institute, 203 Blackfriars Rd, London, SE1 8NJ, United Kingdom; Dept of Meteorology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom; British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OXON OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Macdonald A.M.,Bell R.A.,Kebede S.,et al. Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands[J],2019,14(9).
APA	Macdonald A.M..,Bell R.A..,Kebede S..,Azagegn T..,Yehualaeshet T..,...&Calow R.C..(2019).Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands.Environmental Research Letters,14(9).
MLA	Macdonald A.M.,et al."Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands".Environmental Research Letters 14.9(2019).