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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab4032
	Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States
	Hennigan C.J.; Mucci A.; Reed B.E.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:10
英文摘要	Using data from the Environmental Protection Agency's Chemical Speciation Network, we have characterized trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States for the period 2001-2016. The metals included in this analysis - Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn - were selected based upon their abundance in PM2.5, known sources, and links to toxicity. Ten cities were included to provide broad geographic coverage, diverse source influences, and climatology: Atlanta (ATL), Baltimore (BAL), Chicago (CHI), Dallas (DAL), Denver (DEN), Los Angeles (LA), New York City (NYC), Phoenix (PHX), Seattle (SEA), and St. Louis (STL). The concentrations of V and Zn decreased in all ten cities, though the V decreases were more substantial. Cr concentrations increased in cities in the East and Midwest, with a pronounced spike in concentrations in 2013. The National Emissions Inventory was used to link sources with the observed trends; however, the causes of the broad Cr concentration increases and 2013 spike are not clear. Analysis of PM2.5 metal concentrations in port versus non-port cities showed different trends for Ni, suggesting an important but decreasing influence of marine emissions. The concentrations of most PM2.5 metals decreased in LA, STL, BAL, and SEA while concentrations of four of the seven metals (Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni) increased in DAL over the same time. Comparisons of the individual metals to overall trends in PM2.5 suggest decoupled sources and processes affecting each. These metals may have an enhanced toxicity compared to other chemical species present in PM, so the results have implications for strategies to measure exposures to PM and the resulting human health effects. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	metals; particulate matter; PMexposure; urban air quality
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Chemical speciation; Environmental Protection Agency; Toxicity; Chemical species; Cr concentration; Environmental Protection Agency's; Geographic coverage; Human health effects; Marine emissions; Metal concentrations; National emissions inventories; Transition metals; particulate matter; pollutant source; transition element; trend analysis; urban area; urban pollution; Arizona; Atlanta; Baltimore; California; Chicago; Colorado; Dallas; Denver; Georgia; Illinois; Los Angeles [California]; Maryland; Midwest; New York [New York (STT)]; New York [United States]; Phoenix; Saint Louis [Saint Louis (RGA)]; Saint Louis [Senegal]; Seattle; Senegal; Texas; United States; Washington [United States]
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154360
作者单位	Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hennigan C.J.,Mucci A.,Reed B.E.. Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States[J],2019,14(10).
APA	Hennigan C.J.,Mucci A.,&Reed B.E..(2019).Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States.Environmental Research Letters,14(10).
MLA	Hennigan C.J.,et al."Trends in PM2.5 transition metals in urban areas across the United States".Environmental Research Letters 14.10(2019).