气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The consumptive water footprint of the European union energy sector

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab374a
	The consumptive water footprint of the European union energy sector
	Vanham D.; Medarac H.; Schyns J.F.; Hogeboom R.J.; Magagna D.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17489318
卷号	14 期号:10
英文摘要	Energy security for theEU is a priority of the European Commission. Although both blue and green water resources are increasingly scarce, the EUcurrently does not explicitly account for water resource use in its energy related policies. Here we quantify the freshwater resources required to produce the different energy sources in the EU, by means of the water footprint (WF) concept.Weconduct the most geographically detailed consumptiveWFassessment for the EUto date, based on the newest spatial databases of energy sources.Wecalculate that fossil fuels and nuclear energy are moderate water users (136-627m3/terajoules (m3 TJ-1)).Of the renewable energy sources, wood, reservoir hydropower and first generation biofuels require large water amounts (9114-137 624m3 TJ-1). The most water efficient are solar, wind, geothermal and run-of-river hydropower (1-117m3 TJ-1). For theEU territory for the year 2015, our geographically detailed assessment results in aWF of energy production from domestic water resources of 198km3, or 1068 litres per person per day. TheWFof energy consumption is larger as the EU is to a high level dependent on imports for its energy supply, amounting to 242km3 per year, or 1301 litres per person per day. TheWFof energy production within the 281 EU statistical NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions shows spatially heterogeneous values. Different energy sources produced and consumed in theEUcontribute to and are produced under average annual and monthly blue water stress and green water scarcity. The amount of production underWSis especially high during summer months. Imported energy sources are also partly produced under WS, revealing risks to EU energy security due to externalisation. For the EU, to decarbonise and increase the share of renewables of its energy supply, it needs to formulate policies that take the water use of energy sources into account. In doing so, the spatial and temporal characteristics of water use and water stress should particularly be considered. ©2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	Energy; EU; FEWnexus; Nexus; Water; Water footprint; WEFnexus
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biofuels; Economic geology; Energy policy; Energy security; Energy utilization; Europium; Fossil fuels; Hydroelectric power; International law; Water; Wood fuels; Energy; FEWnexus; Nexus; Water footprint; WEFnexus; Water resources; alternative energy; energy planning; energy policy; European Union; hydroelectric power; import; reservoir; resource use; water footprint; water resource; water stress
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154341
作者单位	European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Petten, Netherlands; Twente Water Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Vanham D.,Medarac H.,Schyns J.F.,et al. The consumptive water footprint of the European union energy sector[J],2019,14(10).
APA	Vanham D.,Medarac H.,Schyns J.F.,Hogeboom R.J.,&Magagna D..(2019).The consumptive water footprint of the European union energy sector.Environmental Research Letters,14(10).
MLA	Vanham D.,et al."The consumptive water footprint of the European union energy sector".Environmental Research Letters 14.10(2019).