气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The end of gunpoint conservation: forest disturbance after the Colombian peace agreement

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab6ae3
	The end of gunpoint conservation: forest disturbance after the Colombian peace agreement
	Murillo-Sandoval P.J.; Van Dexter K.; Van Den Hoek J.; Wrathall D.; Kennedy R.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:3
英文摘要	In November 2016, after 52 years of armed conflict, the Colombian government and the primary rebel group, the FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia) reached a peace agreement. The agreement incorporated three changes to institutions governing forest land occupation and use: (a) the demobilization of FARC from forested places, (2) the future distribution of legal land titles and new road construction into forests, and (3) the eradication of illicit crops. However, we document unprecedented rates of forest disturbance in the months following the peace agreement in biodiversity hotspots across the country. Are the declaration of peace and the increased rates of forest disturbance related? Here, we present the first systematic assessment of the impact of the Colombian peace agreement on forest disturbance. Focusing on the Andes-Amazon Transition Belt (AATB), we used automated satellite image disturbance detection methods and ethnographic data to quantify and interpret forest cover change from 2010 to 2018 that span wartime, peace negotiation, and post-peace agreement stages. Our findings indicate that during the post-peace agreement period (2017-2018), the area of forest disturbance increased by 50% (about 238 000 ha) across the AATB in comparison with the four-year peace negotiation stage (2013-2016); these changes reflect the end of FARC-led gunpoint conservation in the region. Forest disturbance also spread deeper into the Amazon watershed and increased in area by 187% within the AATB's protected areas. We find that following the peace agreement and the withdrawal of FARC, key actors (viz. drug cartels, large landowners, campesinos and dissidents) with expectations of favorable land tenure policies swept into the region; this led to increases in large-scale cattle ranching, coca cultivation dispersal, and speculative illegal land markets each of which contributed to the widespread forest disturbance that we mapped. The rapid increase in forest disturbance occurred despite the interest of the international community in promoting forest conservation initiatives in the AATB and Colombia's existing conservation and land titling frameworks for public lands. Our findings underscore the need for conservation strategies sensitive to rapid institutional and demographic changes in the course of the peace agreement to prevent forests from becoming an unexpected casualty of premature and unstable peace. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	armed conflict; ethnography; forest disturbance; Landsat; peace
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Biodiversity; Conservation; Armed conflict; ethnography; Forest disturbances; LANDSAT; peace; Forestry; biodiversity; cattle; conservation status; cultivation; disturbance; ethnography; land tenure; road construction; satellite imagery; watershed; Amazon River; Andes; Colombia; Bos
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154213
作者单位	College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States; Departamento de Topografía, Facultad de Tecnología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Murillo-Sandoval P.J.,Van Dexter K.,Van Den Hoek J.,et al. The end of gunpoint conservation: forest disturbance after the Colombian peace agreement[J],2020,15(3).
APA	Murillo-Sandoval P.J.,Van Dexter K.,Van Den Hoek J.,Wrathall D.,&Kennedy R..(2020).The end of gunpoint conservation: forest disturbance after the Colombian peace agreement.Environmental Research Letters,15(3).
MLA	Murillo-Sandoval P.J.,et al."The end of gunpoint conservation: forest disturbance after the Colombian peace agreement".Environmental Research Letters 15.3(2020).