气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab54f3
	Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America
	Contosta A.R.; Casson N.J.; Nelson S.J.; Garlick S.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:3
英文摘要	Winter is often understudied in ecosystem sciences and viewed as a burden for human systems and infrastructure. However, the importance of winter in regulating ecological processes and shaping human communities has emerged as a topic of great interest, particularly in areas that experience seasonal snow cover. Traditional seasonal definitions may not fully represent below freezing winters and snow accumulation that have historically characterized these areas. Here we: (1) propose the concept of 'frigid winter' to address longstanding problems with traditional delineations of winter; and (2) define frigid winter as a period of sustained temperatures below freezing and snow accumulation that together regulate ecological processes and their services. We explore this definition and the changes occurring within it using 100 years of meteorological data from northeastern North America. Trend analysis demonstrates that frigid winters have shortened by ∼3 weeks over the last century, that cold, snowy conditions have become more intermittent, and that the choice of winter delineation (astronomical, meteorological, hibernal, or frigid) influences the apparent rate at which winter conditions disappear. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	climate change; frigid winter; seasons; snow cover; temperature
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Ecosystems; Freezing; Temperature; Eastern north america; Ecological process; frigid winter; Meteorological data; Seasonal snow cover; seasons; Snow accumulation; Snow covers; Snow; seasonal variation; snow accumulation; snow cover; winter; North America
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154148
作者单位	Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States; Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada; School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Appalachian Mountain Club, Gorham, New Hampshire, United States; Hubbard Brook Research Foundation, North Woodstock, NH 03824, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Contosta A.R.,Casson N.J.,Nelson S.J.,et al. Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America[J],2020,15(3).
APA	Contosta A.R.,Casson N.J.,Nelson S.J.,&Garlick S..(2020).Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America.Environmental Research Letters,15(3).
MLA	Contosta A.R.,et al."Defining frigid winter illuminates its loss across seasonally snow-covered areas of eastern North America".Environmental Research Letters 15.3(2020).