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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab71a3
	To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?
	Gasparini B.; McGraw Z.; Storelvmo T.; Lohmann U.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:5
英文摘要	The idea of modifying cirrus clouds to directly counteract greenhouse gas warming has gained momentum in recent years, despite disputes over its physical feasibility. Previous studies that analyzed modifications of cirrus clouds by seeding of ice nucleating particles showed large uncertainties in both cloud and surface climate responses, ranging from no effect or even a small warming to a globally averaged cooling of about 2.5 C. We use two general circulation models that showed very different responses in previous studies, ECHAM6-HAM and CESM-CAM5, to determine which radiative and climatic responses to cirrus cloud seeding in a 1.5 CO2 world are common and which are not. Seeding reduces the net cirrus radiative effect for -1.8 W m-2 in CESM compared with only -0.8 W m-2 in ECHAM. Accordingly, the surface temperature decrease is larger in CESM, counteracting about 70% of the global mean temperature increase due to CO2 and only 30% in ECHAM. While seeding impacts on mean precipitation were addressed in past studies, we are the first to analyze extreme precipitation responses to cirrus seeding. Seeding decreases the frequency of the most extreme precipitation globally. However, the extreme precipitation events occur more frequently in the Sahel and Central America, following the mean precipitation increase due to a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In addition, we use a quadratic climate damage metric to evaluate the amount of CO2-induced damage cirrus seeding can counteract. Seeding decreases the damage by about 50% in ECHAM, and by 85% in CESM over the 21 selected land regions. Climate damage due to CO2 increase is significantly reduced as a result of seeding in all of the considered land regions. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Carbon dioxide; Climate models; Clouds; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Precipitation (meteorology); Uncertainty analysis; Extreme precipitation; Extreme precipitation events; General circulation model; Global-mean temperature; Intertropical convergence zone; Mean precipitation; Physical feasibility; Surface temperatures; Cloud seeding; atmospheric general circulation model; carbon dioxide; cirrus; cloud radiative forcing; cloud seeding; cooling; global warming; greenhouse gas; nucleation; surface temperature; Central America; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/154040
作者单位	ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gasparini B.,McGraw Z.,Storelvmo T.,et al. To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?[J],2020,15(5).
APA	Gasparini B.,McGraw Z.,Storelvmo T.,&Lohmann U..(2020).To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?.Environmental Research Letters,15(5).
MLA	Gasparini B.,et al."To what extent can cirrus cloud seeding counteract global warming?".Environmental Research Letters 15.5(2020).