气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa

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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab8031
	Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa
	Lapworth D.J.; MacDonald A.M.; Kebede S.; Owor M.; Chavula G.; Fallas H.; Wilson P.; Ward J.S.T.; Lark M.; Okullo J.; Mwathunga E.; Banda S.; Gwengweya G.; Nedaw D.; Jumbo S.; Banks E.; Cook P.; Casey V.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:6
英文摘要	Groundwater provides a vital source of drinking water for rural communities in many parts of Africa, particularly in the dry season when there are few safe alternative sources. This paper summarises results from a study (n = 428) assessing dry season water quality, both microbiological and inorganic chemistry, in handpump equipped boreholes (HPBs) across the Ethiopia Highlands (n = 142), Malawi (n = 162) and Uganda (n = 124) using a stratified, randomised sampling design. This study seeks to examine general water quality by randomly sampling rural groundwater supplies across larger areas with different geology and climate. The majority, 72%, of HPBs surveyed provide good quality dry season drinking water as defined by WHO drinking water quality criteria. Within this overall picture, the most notable constraints were from thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), which exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline of zero colony forming units (cfu/100 ml) in 21% of sites (range 0-626 cfu/100 ml). TTC contamination was found to have a significant and positive correlation with annual average rainfall (ρ = 0.2, p = 0.00003). Across all three countries, WHO health based chemical drinking water quality values were exceeded at 9% of sites and were found for manganese (4%), fluoride (2.6%) and nitrate (2.5%); arsenic concentrations were below the guideline value of 10 μg l-1 (range < 0.5-7 μg l-1). The high percentage of Mn exceedances (14% ± 5.2% >400 μg l-1) found in drinking water sources in Uganda challenges the decision by WHO not to formalise a health-based guideline for Mn. While the overall level of microbiological contamination from HPBs is low, results from this study strongly suggest that at a national and regional level, microbiological contamination rather than chemical contamination will provide a greater barrier to achieving targets set for improved drinking water quality under the UN-SDG 6. Efforts should be made to ensure that boreholes are properly sited and constructed effectively to reduce pathogen contamination. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	Africa; boreholes; climate; groundwater; handpumps; SDG 6; water quality
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Boreholes; Contamination; Drought; Fluorine compounds; Groundwater; Hydrochemistry; Manganese compounds; Manganese removal (water treatment); Rural areas; Water distribution systems; Water quality; Alternative source; Arsenic concentration; Colony forming units; Drinking water sources; Groundwater supply; Inorganic chemistry; Microbiological contaminations; Positive correlations; Potable water; arsenic; borehole; coliform bacterium; concentration (composition); design; drinking water; dry season; manganese; microbial activity; nitrate; pumping; rural population; sampling; water quality; water supply; Ethiopian Highlands; Malawi; Uganda
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153991
作者单位	British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, OX108BB, United Kingdom; British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, EH144AP, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, British Geological Survey, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast, BT43SB, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE125RD, United Kingdom; Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi; WaterAid Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; WaterAid UK, Vauxhall, London, SE115JD, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lapworth D.J.,MacDonald A.M.,Kebede S.,et al. Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa[J],2020,15(6).
APA	Lapworth D.J..,MacDonald A.M..,Kebede S..,Owor M..,Chavula G..,...&Casey V..(2020).Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa.Environmental Research Letters,15(6).
MLA	Lapworth D.J.,et al."Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa".Environmental Research Letters 15.6(2020).