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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/ab87d3
	Thawing permafrost: An overlooked source of seeds for Arctic cloud formation
	Creamean J.M.; Hill T.C.J.; Demott P.J.; Uetake J.; Kreidenweis S.; Douglas T.A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:8
英文摘要	As the Arctic warms at twice the global rate, radiative feedbacks from clouds will lead to compounding impacts on the surface energy budget that affect both regional and global weather, and climate. In a future warmer world, the Arctic is projected to become cloudier. However, the formation and evolution of Arctic clouds remain highly uncertain in part due to a limited understanding of current and future sources of ice nucleating particles (INPs). In particular, the sources and abundance of biologically-derived INPs are poorly characterized, yet they may be pivotal for cloud ice formation, especially at temperatures in which Arctic mixed-phase clouds (AMPCs) persist (i.e. >-15 C). Here, we show for the first time that permafrost is a remarkably rich source of biologically-derived INPs, both heat labile (probably proteinaceous) and other organic INPs of biomolecular origin (41%-100% and 99%-100% of the total INPs, respectively). INP concentrations in 1000 to 30 000 year old permafrost were comparable to the most active of other Arctic and midlatitude soil sources (up to 1010 INPs per gram of soil). Thawing of permafrost - which promotes metabolic activity in microbes - and subsequent mobilization of those soils directly into the atmosphere or into lakes, rivers, and the ocean, suggests the intriguing possibility that increasing emissions of INPs from this hitherto overlooked reservoir could be widespread, and, in time, greatly impact Arctic cloud cloud glaciation and radiative properties. This discovery is timely given the rapidly-thawing permafrost in Alaska and across Earth's high latitudes. Since permafrost covers 15% of Northern Hemisphere land, this novel and prevalent INP source may become central to predictions of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in AMPCs. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	Arctic; ice nucleating particles; permafrost
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Budget control; Glacial geology; Lead compounds; Precipitation (meteorology); Soil pollution; Thawing; Cloud glaciation; Formation and evolutions; Ice formations; Metabolic activity; Mixed-phase cloud; Northern Hemispheres; Radiative properties; Surface energy budget; Permafrost; cloud cover; Northern Hemisphere; permafrost; precipitation (climatology); soil surface; volcanic cloud; Arctic
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153847
作者单位	Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, AL, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Creamean J.M.,Hill T.C.J.,Demott P.J.,et al. Thawing permafrost: An overlooked source of seeds for Arctic cloud formation[J],2020,15(8).
APA	Creamean J.M.,Hill T.C.J.,Demott P.J.,Uetake J.,Kreidenweis S.,&Douglas T.A..(2020).Thawing permafrost: An overlooked source of seeds for Arctic cloud formation.Environmental Research Letters,15(8).
MLA	Creamean J.M.,et al."Thawing permafrost: An overlooked source of seeds for Arctic cloud formation".Environmental Research Letters 15.8(2020).