气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and heat emissions of global steam-electric power production: A generating unit level analysis and database

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/aba6ac
	The greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and heat emissions of global steam-electric power production: A generating unit level analysis and database
	Raptis C.E.; Oberschelp C.; Pfister S.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:10
英文摘要	Steam-electric power dominates global electricity production. Mitigating its environmental burdens relies on quantifying them globally, on a high resolution. Here, with an unprecedented combination of detail and coverage, the Rankine cycle was individually modelled for >21 000 geocoded steam-electric generating units globally. Accounting for different cooling systems and fuels enabled the calculation of three major environmental stressors on a generating unit level. Geographical, chronological, and technological patterns are examined, as are trade-offs and improvement scenarios. Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from young (>2000) Chinese coal-fuelled generating units are equal to the sum of GHG emissions from all steam-electric power plants of all ages in the U.S. and Europe, and occupy 5% of all GHG emissions from the entire global economy. Twenty-four per cent of freshwater consumed from steam-electric power originates from nuclear power units from the 1970s/1980s, mainly in the U.S. and Europe. One per cent of steam-electric generating units is responsible for 50% of global heat emissions to freshwater. The median carbon intensity of Indian coal-fired units (≥50 MW) is 7%–16% higher than that in any other region globally. As concerns GHGs, technology-related efficiency differences (Rankine cycle, cooling system) play a small role compared to the fuel, which dominates the carbon intensity (GHGs/GJ el.). With the highest shares of cogeneration, 1 GJ electricity from tower-cooled coal units in Russia consumes on average 8%–49% less freshwater compared to respective units globally. There is a small margin for improvement based on alternative steam-electric technologies: retiring inefficient units and replacing their demand by ramping up more efficient ones with the same fuel, within the same country results in, respectively, ∼1%, 6%, and 11% fewer GHG emissions, freshwater consumption, and heat emissions globally. The full environmental benefits of completely retiring old units (<1970) consist of 9% fewer GHG emissions, 7% less freshwater consumed, and 18% fewer thermal emissions globally. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
英文关键词	Carbon footprint; Electricity generation; Energy-water nexus; Environmental impacts; Global analysis; Scenario assessment; Trade-offs
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Carbon; Coal; Cooling systems; Economic and social effects; Electric power generation; Electric power plants; Electric power systems; Electric utilities; Gas emissions; Greenhouse gases; Nuclear fuels; Nuclear power plants; Rankine cycle; Steam; Thermoelectric equipment; Water; Electric power production; Electricity production; Environmental benefits; Environmental burdens; Environmental stressors; Fresh water consumption; Greenhouse gases (GHG); Nuclear power unit; Steam power plants; cogeneration; cooling; database; electrical power; electricity; environmental stress; greenhouse gas; heating; thermodynamics; Europe; Russian Federation
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153696
作者单位	ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Raptis C.E.,Oberschelp C.,Pfister S.. The greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and heat emissions of global steam-electric power production: A generating unit level analysis and database[J],2020,15(10).
APA	Raptis C.E.,Oberschelp C.,&Pfister S..(2020).The greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and heat emissions of global steam-electric power production: A generating unit level analysis and database.Environmental Research Letters,15(10).
MLA	Raptis C.E.,et al."The greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and heat emissions of global steam-electric power production: A generating unit level analysis and database".Environmental Research Letters 15.10(2020).