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DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/abae9d |
Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics-the PACE legacy | |
Etzelmüller B.; Guglielmin M.; Hauck C.; Hilbich C.; Hoelzle M.; Isaksen K.; Noetzli J.; Oliva M.; Ramos M. | |
发表日期 | 2020 |
ISSN | 17489318 |
卷号 | 15期号:10 |
英文摘要 | This paper reviews and analyses the past 20 years of change and variability of European mountain permafrost in response to climate change based on time series of ground temperatures along a south-north transect of deep boreholes from Sierra Nevada in Spain (37°N) to Svalbard (78°N), established between 1998 and 2000 during the EU-funded PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project. In Sierra Nevada (at the Veleta Peak), no permafrost is encountered. All other boreholes are drilled in permafrost. Results show that permafrost warmed at all sites down to depths of 50 m or more. The warming at a 20 m depth varied between 1.5 °C on Svalbard and 0.4 °C in the Alps. Warming rates tend to be less pronounced in the warm permafrost boreholes, which is partly due to latent heat effects at more ice-rich sites with ground temperatures close to 0 °C. At most sites, the air temperature at 2 m height showed a smaller increase than the near-ground-surface temperature, leading to an increase of surface offsets (SOs). The active layer thickness (ALT) increased at all sites between c. 10% and 200% with respect to the start of the study period, with the largest changes observed in the European Alps. Multi-temporal electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) carried out at six sites showed a decrease in electrical resistivity, independently supporting our conclusion of ground ice degradation and higher unfrozen water content. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. |
英文关键词 | climate change; Europe; monitoring; mountain permafrost; PACE; recent warming |
语种 | 英语 |
scopus关键词 | Boreholes; Climate change; Electric conductivity; Time series analysis; Air temperature; Electrical resistivity tomography; Ground surface temperature; Ground temperature; Mountain permafrosts; Surface offsets; Unfrozen water contents; Warm permafrost; Permafrost; active layer; air temperature; borehole; climate change; electrical resistivity; literature review; permafrost; soil depth; surface temperature; time series analysis; Alps; Arctic; California; Sierra Nevada [California]; Spain; Svalbard; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; United States |
来源期刊 | Environmental Research Letters |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153583 |
作者单位 | Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy; Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway; Wsl Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research Slf, Davos Dorf, Switzerland; Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, Spain; Physics and Mathematics Department, Alcalá University, Spain |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Etzelmüller B.,Guglielmin M.,Hauck C.,et al. Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics-the PACE legacy[J],2020,15(10). |
APA | Etzelmüller B..,Guglielmin M..,Hauck C..,Hilbich C..,Hoelzle M..,...&Ramos M..(2020).Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics-the PACE legacy.Environmental Research Letters,15(10). |
MLA | Etzelmüller B.,et al."Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics-the PACE legacy".Environmental Research Letters 15.10(2020). |
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