气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Impact of climate variabilities on trans-oceanic flight times and emissions during strong NAO and ENSO phases

CCPortal

DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/abaa77
	Impact of climate variabilities on trans-oceanic flight times and emissions during strong NAO and ENSO phases
	Kim J.-H.; Kim D.; Lee D.-B.; Chun H.-Y.; Sharman R.D.; Williams P.D.; Kim Y.-J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:10
英文摘要	This study investigates the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on trans-oceanic round-trip flight times and consequent CO2 emissions over the north Atlantic and eastern Pacific regions. For three strongest winter periods of both polarity during 1979-2016, daily mean wind data are used to compute the wind-optimal flight trajectories at cruising altitudes. Results show that intensified upper-level jet streams during the +NAO winters provide stronger headwinds for westbound flights between the eastern US and the western Europe. This causes 4.24 ∼ 9.35 min increase in an averaged total round-trip journey time during the +NAO compared to-NAO winters. In the eastern Pacific region, the jet stream is extended eastward towards the southwestern US during the +ENSO period, which lengthens the travel time for westbound flights between Hawaii and the west coast of the US. The increase in travel time of westbound flights is greater than the corresponding decrease in travel time for eastbound flights, resulting in a 5.92 ∼ 8.73 min increase of the averaged total round-trip time during the +ENSO compared to the-ENSO periods. Extrapolating these results to overall trans-oceanic air traffic suggests that aircraft will take a total of 1908 ∼ 4207 (888 ∼ 1309) extra hours during the +NAO (+ENSO) than the-NAO (-ENSO) winters over the North Atlantic (Eastern Pacific) regions, requiring 6.9 ∼ 15 (3.2 ∼ 4.7) million US gallons of extra fuel burned at a cost of 21 ∼ 45 (9.6 ∼ 14) million US dollars and 66 ∼ 144 (31 ∼ 45) million kg of extra CO2 emissions to all trans-oceanic traffic. In +ENSO and +NAO winters, the chances of a given flight having a slower round-trip flight time with more fuel burn and CO2 emissions are 2-10 times higher than in a-ENSO or-NAO winter. These results have significant implications for the planning of long-term flight routes with climate variability. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
英文关键词	aircraft emissions; climate variability; ENSO; flight route planning; jet stream; NAO
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air transportation; Atmospheric pressure; Carbon dioxide; Traffic control; Travel time; Climate variability; Eastern pacific; Flight trajectory; Long-term flight; North Atlantic; North Atlantic oscillations; Round-trip time; Southern oscillation; Climatology; air quality; atmospheric pollution; carbon cycle; carbon emission; climate effect; climate prediction; climate variation; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; fuel consumption; North Atlantic Oscillation; traffic emission
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153580
作者单位	School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; NOAA/NWS/Analyze, Forecast and Support Office, Silver Spring, MD, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kim J.-H.,Kim D.,Lee D.-B.,et al. Impact of climate variabilities on trans-oceanic flight times and emissions during strong NAO and ENSO phases[J],2020,15(10).
APA	Kim J.-H..,Kim D..,Lee D.-B..,Chun H.-Y..,Sharman R.D..,...&Kim Y.-J..(2020).Impact of climate variabilities on trans-oceanic flight times and emissions during strong NAO and ENSO phases.Environmental Research Letters,15(10).
MLA	Kim J.-H.,et al."Impact of climate variabilities on trans-oceanic flight times and emissions during strong NAO and ENSO phases".Environmental Research Letters 15.10(2020).