气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau

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DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/abb9dc
	How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau
	Mason D.; Iida A.; Watanabe S.; Jackson L.P.; Yokohari M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17489318
卷号	15 期号:11
英文摘要	The increasing risk of coastal flooding and water shortage in Pacific Island Countries is usually attributed to climate change hazards. This ignores other risk components, exposure and vulnerability, of which a major contributor is urbanization. We develop simplified analyses that can be applied to other PICs. By dividing climate risks into hazard and exposure components we determine how urbanization contributed to present-day risks and then predict how growing climate change hazards may increase future risk, using the Republic of Palau as a case study. Results show that urbanization was responsible for 94% of the buildings exposed to coastal flooding today. Projected sea level rise, 30.2 cm by 2050, only increased exposure of today’s buildings by 0.5%. In both present and future scenarios exposure resultant from urbanization was more significant than sea level rise. Our water scarcity index showed urbanization caused 3 of the 7 recorded water shortages from 1980–2018. From 2041–2079, analysis of projected rainfall showed mean reductions between 1.6–16.6% and increased variance between 0.3–3.4%. This led to three times as many water shortages under present population levels. In historical and future scenarios exposure from increased population was just as significant in causing water shortages as rainfall variation. These findings suggest that urban management is an important tool to lower exposure to coastal flooding and water shortage and we recommend that decision makers prioritize urbanization within climate risk policy in Pacific Island Countries. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
英文关键词	Climate change; Coastal flooding; Pacific islands; Risk; Urbanization; Water shortage
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Decision making; Floods; Hazards; Rain; Sea level; Coastal flooding; Mean reductions; Population levels; Rainfall variation; Risk components; Simplified analysis; Urban management; Water shortages; Climate change; climate change; decision making; environmental policy; flooding; hazard assessment; prioritization; risk assessment; sea level change; urbanization; Caroline Islands; Pacific islands; Palau
来源期刊	Environmental Research Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153531
作者单位	Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan; Climate Econometrics, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Durham, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mason D.,Iida A.,Watanabe S.,et al. How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau[J],2020,15(11).
APA	Mason D.,Iida A.,Watanabe S.,Jackson L.P.,&Yokohari M..(2020).How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau.Environmental Research Letters,15(11).
MLA	Mason D.,et al."How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau".Environmental Research Letters 15.11(2020).