气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): When less is more: limits to international transfers under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

CCPortal

DOI	10.1080/14693062.2018.1540341
	When less is more: limits to international transfers under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
	La Hoz Theuer S.; Schneider L.; Broekhoff D.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	14693062
起始页码	401
结束页码	413
卷号	19 期号:4
英文摘要	International carbon markets can be an important tool in achieving countries’ mitigation targets under the Paris Agreement, but they are subject to a number of environmental integrity risks. An important risk is that some countries have mitigation targets that correspond to higher levels of emissions than independent projections of their likely emissions. If such ‘hot air’ can be transferred to other countries, it could increase aggregated emissions and create a perverse incentive for countries not to enhance the ambition of future mitigation targets. Limits to international transfers of mitigation outcomes have been proposed to address this risk. This article proposes a typology for such limits, explores key design options, and tests different types of limits in the context of 15 countries. Our analysis indicates that limits to international transfers could, if designed appropriately, prevent most of the hot air contained in current mitigation targets from being transferred, but also involve trade-offs between different policy objectives. Given the risks from international transfer of hot air and the uncertainty over whether other approaches will be effective in ensuring environmental integrity, we recommend that countries take a cautious approach and pursue a portfolio of approaches to ensure environmental integrity, in which case limits could provide for additional safeguards. Key policy insights Limits to international transfers involve trade-offs between different policy objectives, in particular reducing the risk that countries transfer hot air and enabling participation in carbon markets. Under ‘relative’ limits a country may transfer mitigation outcomes to the extent that its actual emissions are below the limit. Relative limits derived from historical emissions data have significant limitations, and none of the tested approaches was found to be effective for all countries. Relative limits based on emission projections could be a more valid approach, although they are also technically and politically challenging. Under ‘absolute’ limits a country could only issue, transfer or acquire a certain amount of mitigation outcomes. Absolute limits set at sufficiently low levels could prevent countries from transferring large amounts of hot air, but are bluntly applicable to all countries, whether or not they have hot air. © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
英文关键词	carbon markets; emissions trading; environmental integrity; Paris Agreement
语种	英语
scopus关键词	emission inventory; emissions trading; environmental economics; future prospect; international agreement; mitigation; policy analysis; pollution tax; targeting; trade-off
来源期刊	Climate Policy
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/153413
作者单位	Bonn, Germany; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Stockholm Environment Institute - US Centre, Somerville, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	La Hoz Theuer S.,Schneider L.,Broekhoff D.. When less is more: limits to international transfers under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement[J],2019,19(4).
APA	La Hoz Theuer S.,Schneider L.,&Broekhoff D..(2019).When less is more: limits to international transfers under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.Climate Policy,19(4).
MLA	La Hoz Theuer S.,et al."When less is more: limits to international transfers under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement".Climate Policy 19.4(2019).