气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004
	Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492
	Koch A.; Brierley C.; Maslin M.M.; Lewis S.L.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
起始页码	13
结束页码	36
卷号	207
英文摘要	Human impacts prior to the Industrial Revolution are not well constrained. We investigate whether the decline in global atmospheric CO 2 concentration by 7–10 ppm in the late 1500s and early 1600s which globally lowered surface air temperatures by 0.15 ∘ C, were generated by natural forcing or were a result of the large-scale depopulation of the Americas after European arrival, subsequent land use change and secondary succession. We quantitatively review the evidence for (i) the pre-Columbian population size, (ii) their per capita land use, (iii) the post-1492 population loss, (iv) the resulting carbon uptake of the abandoned anthropogenic landscapes, and then compare these to potential natural drivers of global carbon declines of 7–10 ppm. From 119 published regional population estimates we calculate a pre-1492 CE population of 60.5 million (interquartile range, IQR 44.8–78.2 million), utilizing 1.04 ha land per capita (IQR 0.98–1.11). European epidemics removed 90% (IQR 87–92%) of the indigenous population over the next century. This resulted in secondary succession of 55.8 Mha (IQR 39.0–78.4 Mha) of abandoned land, sequestering 7.4 Pg C (IQR 4.9–10.8 Pg C), equivalent to a decline in atmospheric CO 2 of 3.5 ppm (IQR 2.3–5.1 ppm CO 2 ). Accounting for carbon cycle feedbacks plus LUC outside the Americas gives a total 5 ppm CO 2 additional uptake into the land surface in the 1500s compared to the 1400s, 47–67% of the atmospheric CO 2 decline. Furthermore, we show that the global carbon budget of the 1500s cannot be balanced until large-scale vegetation regeneration in the Americas is included. The Great Dying of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas resulted in a human-driven global impact on the Earth System in the two centuries prior to the Industrial Revolution. © 2019 The Authors
英文关键词	Anthropocene; Archaeology; Carbon cycle dynamics; Central America; De-population; Disease epidemics; Great dying; Land use change; South America; Vegetation dynamics
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Budget control; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Epidemiology; Forestry; Population statistics; Vegetation; Anthropocene; Archaeology; Carbon cycles; Central America; De-population; Great dying; Land-use change; South America; Vegetation dynamics; Land use; air temperature; anthropogenic effect; archaeology; carbon budget; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; concentration (composition); epidemic; land use change; population estimation; population size; secondary succession; vegetation dynamics; Central America; Europe; North America; South America
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/152016
作者单位	Geography, University College London, London, WC1E6BT, United Kingdom; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Koch A.,Brierley C.,Maslin M.M.,et al. Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492[J],2019,207.
APA	Koch A.,Brierley C.,Maslin M.M.,&Lewis S.L..(2019).Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492.Quaternary Science Reviews,207.
MLA	Koch A.,et al."Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492".Quaternary Science Reviews 207(2019).